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▲Japan’s Region Map
日本地區圖
Japan is a Pacific Ocean island in East Asia. Its neighboring countries are China, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia. The country is an archipelago of more than 6,000 islands, most of which are mountainous. Japan has over 100 active volcanoes and accounts for about 10% of all active volcanoes in the world.
日本是東亞太平洋上的島國。它的鄰國包括中國、朝鮮、韓國和俄羅斯。該國由六千多個島嶼組成的，其中大多數是多山的島嶼。日本有100多座活火山，約佔世界活火山總數的10%。
Country Name 國名
In Japanese, the name of Japan is Nihon (にほん) or Nippon(にっぽん). Either form is written 日本 in Kanji. These two characters mean "sun" and "origin", and together they translate to "sun’s origin", in other words "the land of the rising sun". The name was conceived during the Imperial correspondence with the Chinese Sui Dynasty and referred to Japan’s eastern position relative to China. Before Nihon came into official use, Japan was known as Wa (倭) or Wakoku(倭國). Wa was a name early China used to refer to an ethnic group living in Japan around the time of the Three Kingdoms Period.
在日語中，日本的名字是 にほん 或 にっぽん，兩者的漢字書寫都是「日本」。「日」和「本」兩個字的意思分別是「太陽」和「起源」，合併一起翻譯為「太陽的起源」，換言之「日出之地」。這個名字是在與中國隋朝的皇室通信中構思出來的，它指的是日本相對於中國的東方地理位置。在「日本」正式使用之前，日本被稱為《倭》或《倭國》。倭在三國時代前後曾指生活在日本的一個民族。
National Flag 國旗
The flag of Japan has a white background with a crimson-red disc at the center. It is commonly known as Hinomaru (日の丸, the"circle of the sun").
日本國旗的背景是白色，中間是深紅色的圓盤。它通常被稱為「太陽旗」。
National Anthem 國歌
The national anthem of Japan is "Kimigayo", it is the shortest national anthem in the World.
日本國歌是「Kimigayo」，它是世界上最短的國歌。
Language 語言
Japanese is the language used in Japan, it uses three different kinds of character systems, Hiragana, Katakana, and Kanji. In the Hiragana system, each letter represents a single sound, and basically, you can write all Japanese words using this system. However, because Japanese is written without spaces, this will easily create nearly indecipherable text. For example, おはよう (o-ha-yo) means good morning.
在日本使用的語言是日語，日語中使用三種不同的字符系統，平假名、片假名和漢字。在平假名系統中，每個字母代表一個讀音，基本上，你可以用這個系統寫出所有的日語單詞。然而，由於寫日語不用空格，這將很容易造成幾乎無法看懂的文本。例如，おはよう（o-ha-yo）意思是早上好。
The katakana system was derived from abbreviated Chinese characters used by Buddhist monks. They are now used in situations such as (note that it is not 100% that this is the case):
片假名系統源自佛教僧侶使用的簡體中文。這個字體現在在日本用於以下情況（請注意，並非100%都是這種情況）：
* Scientific words 科學詞
* Animal names 動物名
* Company names 公司名
* Onomatopoeia 擬聲詞
* Borrowed non-Japanese and non-Sino-Japanese words 非日語和非中日語系的單詞。
▲ Some of the basic katakana syllables
片假名的一些基本音節
Kanji is simply a Japanese word for "Chinese characters" or "Hanzi." Japanese adopted Chinese characters and also borrowed many Chinese words. In fact, about half of the vocabulary of Japanese comes from the Chinese language.
Kanji 只是日文中表示「漢字」的一個詞，日文採用漢字，還借用了許多漢語詞。事實上，日語詞彙中約有一半來自漢語。
Major Cities 主要城市
▲Tokyo’s Skyline 東京天際線
The majority of the population in Japan live in four islands which are Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Below are some of the major cities in Japan. Note that, when I write "the largest city", I am referring to population, not land area.
日本大部分人口居住在本州島、北海道島、四國島和九州島。以下是日本的一些主要城市。注意，當我寫「最大的城市」時，我指的是人口最多，而非是土地面積最大。
Capital City 首都
▲ Ginza District, Tokyo 東京，銀座區
The capital city of Japan is Tokyo, which simply means the "Eastern Capital." Many domestic and international financial institutions and other businesses are headquartered in central Tokyo. The city is an important wholesale center, it is where goods from all parts of the country and the world are distributed. The main industries in the city are printing, publishing and the manufacture of electronic equipment.
日本的首都是東京，簡單地說就是「東方之都」，許多國內外金融機構和其他企業的總部都設在東京市中心。這座城市是一個重要的批發中心，全國各地和世界各地貨物的集散地，主要產業是印刷、出版和電子設備製造業。
▲Imperial Palace East Garden 皇宮東花園
At the heart of Tokyo is the Imperial Palace which is the home of the emperor of Japan. Marunouchi district is the financial hub and a major center of Japanese business activity. Kasumigaseki district contains many national government offices. Tokyo does not have a single central business district, but it has numerous urban centers which are usually built around railway stations. The Kanda District is famous for its many universities, bookstores, and publishers.
東京中心是日本天皇的故宮。丸之內是日本的金融中心和商業活動的主要中心。在霞關區有許多國家政府辦事處。東京沒有一個單一的中央商務區，但它有許多城市中心，通常是圍繞火車站建設的。坎達區以其眾多大學、書店和出版商而聞名。
▲Temples in Asakusa 淺草的寺廟
Tokyo offers a seemingly unlimited choice of shopping, entertainment, culture and dining to its visitors. The city's history can be appreciated in districts such as Asakusa and in many excellent museums, historic temples and gardens.
遊客在東京可享受購物、娛樂、文化和餐飲的無限選擇。這座城市的歷史可以在淺草區和許多優秀的博物館、歷史寺廟以及花園中欣賞。
Yokohama 橫濱市
Yokohama is the second-largest city in Japan and it is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture. Located just less than half an hour south of Tokyo by train, it is one of the major ports in Japan. The city has many public and private universities and the Kanazawa Library which was founded in 1275, it is famous for its collection of historical books and documents. There are also many museums in the city including those dedicated to art, literature, history, etc.
橫濱是日本第二大人口城市，也是神奈川縣的首府。它位於東京以南而坐火車不到半小時的路程，是日本的主要港口之一。這座城市有許多公立和私立大學，還有建於1275年的金澤圖書館，這個圖書館以收藏歷史書籍和文獻而聞名。這裡還有許多博物館，包括那些致力於藝術、文學、歷史等等。
Osaka 大阪
Osaka is the third-largest city in Japan. Osaka is famous for its eating and drinking culture, and it has given rise to the local expression, kuidaore, which can be loosely translated as "to eat oneself to ruin." The people from Osaka are well known for their humor and exuberance and many of Japan's comedians come from Osaka. The largest Korean town, the tallest building in Japan, and the oldest temple in Japan are all in Osaka.
大阪是日本第三大城市。它以飲食文化而聞名，當地語 kuidaore 有「吃到自毀」 的意思。大阪人以幽默、活潑著稱，日本的喜劇演員有不少是來自大阪。日本最大的韓國街、最高的建築物和最古老的寺廟都在大阪。
Nagoya 名古屋
Nagoya has one of the most important ports in the country and is also home to a major automotive industry. An important landmark in Nagoya is Nagoya Castle, it was originally built in 1610 but was destroyed by fire during WW2. The Tokugawa Art Museum preserves the collection of the Tokugawa family. Some of the oldest and most highly esteemed Shinto shrines in Japan are found here, such as the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Atsuta Shrine. The city's Higashiyama Park is famous for its zoological and botanical gardens.
名古屋是日本最重要的港口之一，也是主要汽車工業地區。名古屋城堡是名古屋的一個重要地標，初建於1610年，但在二戰期間被大火燒毀。德川藝術博物館保存著德川家族的收藏品。日本一些最古老、最受尊敬的神道神社就在這裡，比如伊瑟大神社和阿特蘇塔神社。該市的東山公園以其動植物園而聞名。
Sapporo 札幌
Sapporo is famous for skiing, it is located on the island of Hokkaido. The 1972 Winter Olympics were held in this city, the first-ever Winter Olympics held in Asia. The Sapporo Dome hosted three games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup and two games during the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
札幌位於北海道島，以滑雪聞名。1972年冬季奧運會就在這個城市舉行的，這是亞洲首次舉辦冬季奧運會。札幌穹頂在2002年國際足聯世界盃期間舉辦了三場比賽，在2019年橄欖球世界盃期間舉辦了兩場比賽。
Kobe 神戶
▲Arima Onsen hot spring resorts 阿里馬昂森溫泉度假村
Kobe is one of the major financial centers and busiest container port in the country. It was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and is better known as a nuclear-free zone port city. One of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen, is located in this city.
神戶是日本主要的金融中心和最繁忙的貨櫃港口之一。它是在封閉政策結束後對西方開放貿易的城市之一，該城市也被稱為無核區港口城市。日本最著名的溫泉勝地之一，有馬溫泉，就坐落在這個城市。
Fukuoka 福岡
▲Fukuoka Tower 福岡大廈
Located in Kyushu, Fukuoka is the seventh-largest city in Japan. Fukuoka was formed by the fusion of two cities of Hakata and former castle town of Fukuoka. It has been an important harbor city for many centuries and was chosen by the Mongol invasion forces as their landing point in the 13th century.
福岡位於九州，是日本第七大城市。福岡是由兩個博多港城市和前城堡鎮福岡組成的。它在許多世紀以來作為一個重要的港口城市，是13世紀蒙古侵略日本時的登陸點。
Kyoto 京都
Kyoto is one of the most famous cities in Japan, throughout history, it was one of the most important as well as the largest cultural centers of Japan. Over the centuries, Kyoto was destroyed by many wars and fires, but due to its exceptional historic value, the city was dropped from the list of target cities for the atomic bomb and escaped destruction during World War II. Countless temples, shrines and other historically priceless structures are in the city.
京都是日本最著名的城市之一，縱觀歷史，它是日本最重要也是最大的文化中心之一。幾個世紀以來，京都多次被戰爭和火災摧毀，但由於其特殊的歷史價值，第二次世界大戰期間美國軍原子彈目標未選擇京都，使之倖免遇難。城市裡有無數的寺廟、神殿和其他歷史上及重要的建築。
Kawasaki 川崎
▲ Daishi Temple 川崎大石寺
Kawasaki is a part of the Greater Tokyo Area. While not a major tourist destination, there are a few attractions found around the city including the Kawasaki Daishi temple in the city center, and several museums such as the Nihon Minkaen open-air museum and Fujiko F. Fujio Museum.
川崎是大東京地區的一部分。雖然不是一個主要的旅遊目的地，但在城市周圍也有一些景點，包括市中心的川崎大石寺，以及一些博物館，如日本明川露天博物館和藤子• F • 不二雄博物館。
Saitama 埼玉
Saitama is also a part of the Greater Tokyo Area. It was merged with four historical cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki in 2001. Saitama is a relatively short distance from the central districts of Tokyo.
埼玉也是大東京地區的一部分。2001年，它與浦川、Ōmiya、Yono和Iwatsuki四個歷史城市合併。Saitama距離東京市中心區相對較短。
This is a simple introduction to Japan, we will cover more content about Japan every Sunday. Stay tuned. If you liked this article, please like, share, leave a comment and don't forget to follow our official account. Thanks!
這是日本的簡單介紹，我們每個星期天都會報導更多關於日本的內容。敬請期待。如果你喜歡這篇文章，請給小編一個贊，或者分享，還可以留下您的評論，最重要的是請不要忘記關注我們的公眾號哦。謝謝！
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