掌握33個最常用語法術語,英語用法輕鬆學,讓你的表達更自然更地道,輕鬆學英語!
1.形容詞(adjective)
形容詞,用來描述人或事物,可描述外貌,顏色,大小或其他方面。 例如: A tall woman; She has brown eyes: My gloves are wet.
2.副詞(adverb)
副詞,用來表示某事在何時、何地、如何發生。 例如:See you tomorrow; He spoke slowly;I want to get down
3.助動詞(auxiliary verb)
助動詞,在完成時態和進行時態中,或疑問句、否定式和被動式中,與助動詞和其他動詞連用。英語中主要的助動詞有 be, have 和 do.例如: Is it snowing? I have never been to Washington; we don’t have a computer at home。情態動詞也屬於助動詞。
4.分句(clause)
分句,指有一個動詞的一組詞。有些句子只有一個分句。例如: I fell asleep。有些句子含有不止一個分句。例如:When I told him, he laughed; I want to go but I feel too ill.
5.比較級(comparative)
形容詞或副詞比較級形式,由在其結尾加「er「或前面加「more」構成。例如:taller,more beautiful, more carefully.
6.連詞(conjunction)
連詞,如 and, but, if. since,連接兩個單詞或兩個句子。例如:I enjoyed my holiday, but it wasn’t long enough,;James and Ewan came to the party, If you miss your bus, you』ll have to walk home .
7.可數名詞(countable noun)
可數名詞,指可以計數的名詞,可數名詞有單數和複數兩種形式。例如:This is a lovely house; They are building several new houses.
8.限定詞(determiner)
限定詞,如 a, the, that, my,這些詞放在名詞前起限定作用。例如:This is his car, Look at that bird.
9.將來式(future form)
將來式,用於談論未來的事,和 will, shall, be going to 連用。例如:He will come soon; I’m going to visit Sarah.
10.動詞不定式(infinitive)
動詞不定式,動詞的基本形式,可以帶 to 或不帶to。例如:(to)see: (to) bring.
(1)不帶 to 的不定式(infinitive without 『to』),例如:Let me think; I must go.
(2) 帶 to的動詞不定式(to- infinitive),例如:I like to drive; She wanted to leave.
11.不及物動詞(intransitive verb)
不及物動詞,其後不能跟賓語的動詞。例如:She arrived; I waited.
12.系動詞(linking verb)
系動詞,be, become, feel, seem 都是系動詞。系動詞把主語和形容詞或名詞短語連接起來,對主語進行描述。例如:1 feel sad, she became a doctor.
13. 情態動詞(modal verb)
情態動詞,may,must,would 都屬於情態動詞,情態動詞通常放在動詞不定式前。情態動詞的單數第三人稱不加-s。例如:He could win if he tried harder.
14.名詞(noun)
名詞,表示人、物、地方、性質等。例如:Where』 s Linda?; Go to my room and fetch my bag, please; Unemployment is a problem in London.
15.名詞短語(noun phrase)
名詞短語的功能和名詞一樣。代詞、名詞、形容詞修飾的名詞等都是名詞短語。例如:She arrived; The old man smiled.
16. 賓語(object)
賓語表示動詞作用的對象的名詞短語。在大多數的陳述句式中,賓語跟在動詞後。例如:She ate a sandwich; I locked the door .
17. 被動形式(passive form)
被動形式,像 was given, were taken 這種形式。在被動語態中,主語通常是受到動詞影響的人或物。例如:Many trees were destroyed; A decision was made by the committee.
18. 過去分詞(past participle)
過去分詞,用在完成時態或被動語態中的動詞形式。很多動詞的過去分詞以-ed 結尾,如 talked, jumped, decided,也有不規則的,如 been, had, given, taken, seen。
19. 一般過去式(past simple)
一般過去式,動詞過去式的形式,用於談論過去的事情或情形。例如:I saw him last night; We talked for hours.
20. 動詞的一般過去式(past tense form)
動詞的一般過去式,用在表示一般過去時的句子中。很多動詞的一般過去式以 ed 結尾;如:talked, jumped, decided。不規則的過去式如:was/were, had, gave, took, saw.
21.完成時態的形式 (perfect form)
完成時態的形式,由 have 和動詞的過去分詞形式構成。
22.短語(phrase)
短語,由一些單詞組成,並且有特定意思。
23.介詞(preposition)
介詞,後跟名詞性短語或動詞的「-ing」形式的單詞,如 by,with。例如:He stood near the door; Alice is a friend of mine; This knife is for slicing bread.
24. 一般現在式(present simple)
一般現在式,用於討論習慣性的動作或永久的事實。動詞的一般現在式或用動詞原形,或是在動詞後加 -s。例如:I go to work by car;She loves him.
25. 進行式(progressive form )
進行式,用於談論正在進行的情形,由 be 加動詞的-ing形式構成,例如:I am enjoying this party; We were having dinner when he phoned.
26.代詞(pronoun)
代詞,避免直接稱呼某人或某物時,用代詞來替代名詞。例如:John took the book and opened it; He rang Mary and invited her to dinner.
27.主語(subject)
主語,一個名詞性短語表示人或物是動作的直接執行者,一般放在動詞前。例如:Tom laughed; The tree fell over.
28. 最高級(superlative)
形容詞或副詞的最高級,後跟 -est 或前面加 most。例如happiest, most intelligent, most carefully.
29.以 -ing 結尾的動詞 (-ing form)
以 -ing 結尾的動詞,可用於進行時態,也可用於某些動詞後。例如:I was walking along the beach when I saw him, Please stop shouting.
30.及物動詞(transitive verb)
及物動詞,既帶主語又有賓語的動詞,例如:She dropped the mug; We made dinner.
31.不可數名詞 (uncountable noun)
不可數名詞,無法計數的名詞,無複數形式,其後動詞用單數形式。例如:He shouted for help; We got very wet in the rain: Money is not important.
32. 動詞(verb)
動詞,表示某人或某物做了什麼、怎麼樣了等。例如 She slept till 10 o' clock in the morning; I ate my breakfast quickly.
33. 動詞短語(Verb phrase)
動詞短語,由一組單詞構成,具有動詞的作用。動詞短語可以是一個單獨的動詞,或者是動詞和一個或更多的助動詞連用。例如: She laughed; We must leave, He could be lying:;I』ll call you, tomorrow.