2021考研初試12月26~27日進行，2021考研初試情況(點擊查看》》2021考研初試真題及答案解析專題)，第一時間為考生提供考研真題答案及答案解析內容，同時新東方考研教師將為考生提供視頻直播解析。直播入口|考研真題答案專區
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How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase torail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritualevery January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposingsignificant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This years rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index(CPI) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on thegrounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail networkshould be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the north.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions.However, there is a strong case that those who have been worstaffected by industrial action should receive compensation for thedisruption they have suffered.
The government has pledged to change the law to introduceminimum service requirement so that even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a widepackage of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers willnot be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endurecramped unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger ofpassengers is not addressed in short order.
21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passenger fares ____
A. remains an unreasonable measure
B. has kept pace with inflation
C. is a big surprise to commuters
D. will ease train operator’s burden
22. The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand for ____.
A. car driver
B. local investors
C.rail travellers
D. ordinary taxpayers
23. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train operators ____.
A. are offering compensation to commuters
B. are trying to repair relations with the unions
C. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes
D. have failed to provide an adequate service
24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railway may have to face ____.
A. a reduction of revenue
B. a change of ownership
C. the loss of investment
D. the collapse of operations
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Who Are to Blame For the Strike?
B. Ever-rising Fares Aren’t Sustainable
C.Constant Complaining Doesn’t Work
D. Can Nationalisation Bring Hope
【正確答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B
【解析】
21.正確答案為A。題目問的是「作者認為，今年鐵路客運票價上漲____。」根據關鍵詞「rail passenger fares」定位至文章首段首句，作者提問道，「鐵路運營商怎麼還能為票價上漲辯護呢?」再根據關鍵詞「this year’s increase」定位至首段尾句，主幹部分為「今年的漲幅可能略低於去年，但仍遠高於(well above)官方衡量通貨膨脹的消費者價格指數。」轉折後表明，票價上漲幅度仍然不符合官方標準，能夠對應A選項「仍然是不合理的措施」，同時能夠排除B選項「與通貨膨脹率相匹配(keep pace with)」;C選項「對通勤者來說是個大驚喜」以及D選項「將減輕鐵路運營商的負擔」屬無中生有。
22.正確答案為C。題目問的是「第二段中的stockbroker用來指____。」本題關鍵詞「stockbroker」位於第二段第二句。首句提到「鐵路網絡的投資和運營成本應該由使用它的人承擔，而不是一般納稅者。」第二句舉例說明，「為什麼一個駕車領取養老金的林肯郡居民必須補貼來自薩裡郡的股票經紀人的日常通勤?」其中「stockbroker」對應首句中的「those who use it」，即C選項「鐵路旅客」，同時排除D選項「普通一般納稅者」(位於rather than之後，表示否定);A選項「汽車司機」是對「car-driving pensioner」的片面理解;B選項「本地投資者」屬無中生有。
23. 正確答案為D。題目問的是「由第三段得知，鐵路運營商____。」本題段落信息明顯，根據關鍵詞「train operators」定位至第三段第二句，「鐵路運營商大肆宣傳對鐵路網的改善，這是很好的做法，但乘客們應該期待獲得基本水平的服務。」轉折之後的信息能夠對應D選項「未能提供足夠的服務」;C選項是針對首句進行幹擾，首句提到「這些通勤者也經歷了幾年來最嚴重的鐵路罷工(rail strike)」，但未提到「因罷工而遭受了巨大的損失」，因此可排除;A選項針對尾句進行幹擾，尾句提到「有充分的理由表明，那些在勞工行動中受到最嚴重影響最的人，應該為所遭受的破壞獲得賠償」，並非指鐵路運營商應「向通勤者(commuters)提供賠償」，對象有誤;B選項「試圖修復與工會的關係」屬於無中生有。
24.正確答案為B。題目問的是「如果無法安撫乘客，鐵路行業可能不得不面對____。」因25題為主旨題，所以本題需結合尾端得出答案。根據關鍵詞「calm down passengers」可重點定位至最後一句，「目前國有化(nationalisation)的威脅可能已經消除，但如果乘客的合理憤怒不能在短期內得到解決，國有化的威脅將捲土重來。」轉折後信息可對應B選項「所有權的變更」。C選項「投資的損失」是對尾段第三句「需要更多投資」的錯誤理解，且定位信息有誤;A選項「收入的減少」D選項「運營的崩潰」無法找到對應信息。
25. 正確選項為B。本題為主旨題，需要找出最佳標題。原文開頭引入鐵路票價上漲這一事實，隨即提到應該由鐵路旅客承擔鐵路成本、鐵路運營商應該如何對此進行改進以及可能產生的後果。因此可確定文章議論的核心對象為票價上漲，而考慮各方利益，這件事情都應當得以改進，可對應B選項「票價不會持續上漲」。A選項「罷工該歸咎哪方」及D選項「國有化能帶來希望嗎」均為原文後半部分提到的信息，無法概括全文;C選項「持續抱怨是無用的」為旅客角度，但不屬於文章敘述內容。
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