2021考研初試12月26~27日進行，2021考研初試情況(點擊查看》》2021考研初試真題及答案解析專題)，第一時間為考生提供考研真題答案及答案解析內容，同時新東方考研教師將為考生提供視頻直播解析。直播入口|考研真題答案專區
二、閱讀理解 A 部分：
點評：今年英語的閱讀內容安排很好。開篇講了英國鐵路系統存在的問題;分析了慈善事業對東南亞某國雨林面積縮小速度的減緩作用;講了歷史人物因為牙黑拍照不愛笑;還有一個組織和美國法院扯皮的故事。最後的新題型緊扣時代主題，列舉了人工智慧在世界各國各行業的應用。內容覆蓋經濟生態歷史商業科技，深刻體現了英語命題組成員對世界發展現狀的關心。
2021 年考研英語(一)閱讀理解 A 解析
新東方大學事業部西安中心 王娟樂(1-2篇)、楊豔琪(3-4篇)
Text 1
How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.
However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services, punctuated by regular chaos when timetables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
21. The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passengers fares
A. will ease train operation’s burden.
B. has kept pace with inflation.
C. is a big surprise to commuters.
D. remains an unreasonable measure..
22. The stockbroker in 2 is used to stand for
A. car drivers
B. rail travellers
C. local investors
D. ordinary taxpayers
It is indicated in 3 that train operators
A. are offering compensations to commuters.
B. are trying to repair relations with the unions.
C. have failed to provide an adequate service.
D. have suffered huge losses owing to the strikes.
24. If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face
A. the loss of investment.
B. the collapse of operations.
C. a reduction of revenue.
D. a change of ownership.
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Who Are to Blame for the Strikes?
B. Constant Complaining Doesn't Work
C. Can Nationalization Bring Hope?
D. Ever-rising Fares Aren't Sustainable
【正確答案】21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.D
【解析】
21.本題的關鍵詞是this year’s increase 和rail passengers fares，定位第一段。根據第一段第一句話，火車運營商如何能夠為又一次的火車票漲價辯護，本句中的辯護/使...合理化(justify)和選項D的合理的(reasonable)是原詞替換，本句是問句，證明作者在對辯護/使...合理化(justify)持懷疑態度，對應D選項的不合理的(unreasonable)因此答案選D。A選項曲解文意，文章雖然提到了火車運營(train operation)和負擔(burden)，但是文章並沒有談到減少火車運營者的負擔，故排除。B選項表述與原文不符，原文第一段末句提到高於通貨膨脹(above ……inflation)，而不是與通貨膨脹速度一致(kept pace with inflation.)，故排除。C選項的出乎意料(surprise)一段沒有提及，屬於無中生有，排除。
22.本題的關鍵詞是stockbroker，定位至第二段第二句。題幹問stockbroker代表哪些人。根據原文第二句的表述(the argument goes)，可知第二句和第一句有關，答案要結合第一句。第一句提到，繼任政府允許漲價，因為投資和運行鐵路網絡的成本應該由使用者承擔(cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it)，而不是一般的納稅人(rather than the general taxpayer)。而第二句作者反問道，為什麼car-driving pensioner要補貼stockbroker呢?由此可stockbroker對應的原文中的用鐵路的人(those who use it)，即B. rail travelers 乘鐵路的人。其他選項均不符合，故排除。
23.題幹的關鍵詞是train operator和paragraph 3，定位至第三段第二句。該句提到，火車運營商鼓吹他們已經提升了線路，但是乘客支付了相當多的費用，相應地，就應該獲得說的過去的服務(a basic level of service),but一詞說明乘客獲得的服務並沒有運營商鼓吹的那樣好。本句與C選項的表述一致，火車運營商沒能提供合適的服務(failed to provide adequate service)。A選項正在給通勤者提供賠償(are offering compensations to commuters)，而三段末句提到應該收到賠償(should receive compensation),即目前沒有賠償，A選項與原文意思相反，故排除。B選項無中生有，選項B正在試圖修復與工會的關係(are trying to repair relations with unions),文章三段第三句提到了工會(union)，但是沒有提及修復關係，故排除。D選項偷換主語，D選項火車運營商因罷工已經遭受巨大損失，原文第三段末句提到通勤車遭受損失(they have suffered),這裡的they指代原文的乘客(those who have been worst affected by industrial action)，而不是火車運營商，故排除。
24.題幹的關鍵詞是unable to calm down和railway，定位到原文末段末句。該句指出，國有化的威脅(threat of nationalization)目前是不可見的，但是如果乘客合理的憤怒沒有在短期內解決，那麼這種威脅將會程度更深地回歸。由此可知，國有化的威脅就是選項A所有權的變化(change of ownership)。A選項投資的損失(the loss of investment)，B選項運營的崩潰(the collapse of operations)，C選項收入的減少(a reduction of revenue),都不符合題意，排除。
25.題幹問文章的最佳標題是什麼，考查文章的中心。文章第一段引入了話題乘客票價增加，二段闡述票價增加背後的原因，第三段提到票價增加，而鐵路的服務卻越來越糟糕，第四段提到政府已經承諾立法改變目前鐵路目前糟糕服務，如果乘客的憤怒不解決，那麼鐵路就要歸為國有。由此可見，答案選D不斷上漲的票價不是長久之計。其他各項均與中心不符，排除。
Text 2
Last year marked the third year in a row of that Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.
In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.
But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.
That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.
Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.
Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012 — including during Indonesia’s phase — in of the antipoverty program — in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands. The duo separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss. With that, 「we see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,」 Ferraro says.
That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests. With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.
Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. Ferraro suggests the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.
26. According to the first two paragraphs, CCT programs aim to
facilitate health care reform.
B. help poor families get better off.
C. improve local education systems.
D. lower deforestation rates.
27. The study based on an area in Mexico is cited to show that
A. cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.
B. CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.
C. antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.
D. economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.
28. In his study about Indonesia, Ferraro intends to find out
A. its acceptance level of CCTs.
B. its annual rate of poverty alleviation.
C. the relation of CCTs to its forest loss.
D. the role of its forests in climate change.
29. According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is most valuable in that
A. it will benefit other Asian countries.
B. it will reduce regional inequality.
C. it can protect the environment.
D. it can boost grain production.
30. What is the text centered on?
A. The effects of a program.
B. The debates over a program.
C. The process of a study.
D. The transferability of a study.
【正確答案】26.B 27.D 28.C 29.C 30.A
【解析】
26.題幹的關鍵是是前兩段(first two paragraphs)和CCT program aim，由此可定位第二段的第二句話，其中be designed to (旨在)是題幹aim(目標)的同義改寫，本句指出這些社會救濟項目旨在減少不平衡(reduce inequality)並且打破貧窮的循環(break the cycle of poverty)，由此可知答案選B幫助貧窮家庭變得更富裕(help poor families to ger better off)。其他選項的表述均不符合題意，排除。
27.題幹的關鍵詞是Mexico(墨西哥), 這是一個例證題，問墨西哥地區的研究被引用是為了表明什麼。根據題幹的關鍵詞可定位文章第四段，本段中墨西哥例子證明的觀點就是本段首句，那是因為經濟增長可能與環境退化有關(economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation),而保護環境有時候與更大的貧窮有關(environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty),由此可知答案選D，經濟增長往往印發環境的退化(economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation)。其他幾個選項均不是墨西哥例子證明的觀點，故排除。
28.題幹的關鍵詞是Indonesia和Ferraro, 定位到文章第五段第二句。該句指出，Ferraro想看是否Indonesia的扶貧項目影響森林退化(Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation)，由此可知答案選C，CCTs(即原文的扶貧項目)與森林減少之前的關係。其他選項均不符合題意，排除。
29.題幹的關鍵詞是most value，定位只原文末段末句，該句指出，研究表明對於人類有益的事情也對避免森林退化(avoided deforestation)有很好的價值，因為僅僅就碳排放(carbine dioxide emission)而言，收益就可以超過這個項目的花費，由此可知避免森林退化和碳排放都與保護環境有關，故答案選C。其他選項均不符合題意，排除。
30.題幹問本文的中心是什麼。文章首段用Indonesia的例子引入主題扶貧項目(antipoverty program)，二段介紹該項目的意圖，三段和四段講述項目的可能的負面影響，五段指出該項目不一定會對環境有負面影響，六七段用具體事實證明該項目對環境有利並解釋背後的原因，第八段總結上文，該項目會對避免森林退化有很好的價值。因此答案選A。
Text 3
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I』ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I』ve found quite a few, and — since I started posting them on Twitter — they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of 『Smiling Victorians』 makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. 「Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,」 ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular 『pearly whites』 was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps, and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be 「nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever」.
31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter___
A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians.
B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies.
C. re-evaluated the Victorians』 notion of public image.
D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography.
32. What does author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?
A. They are in popular use among historians.
B. They are rare among photographs of that age.
C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D. They show effects of different exposure times.
33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?
A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B. Their tension before the camera.
C. Their distrust of new inventions.
D. Their unhealthy dental condition.
34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was___
A. a deep-root belief.
B. a misguided attitude.
C. a controversial view.
D. a thought-provoking idea.
35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?
A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
【正確答案】31. A 32.B 33.D 34. A 35. A
【解析】
31. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞the author’s posts on Twitter定位到文章第一段句②。其後句③④說明作者將Victorians ancestors smiling的照片放到Twitter之後引起人們關注的原因。人們很吃驚地看到Victorians有趣和大笑的一面，人們正在注意到Victorians突然變得更加像普通人一樣。由此可知，人們對Victorians的印象由此被改變了。故選【A】改變了人們對Victorians的印象。幹擾排除：第一段句③④中並未提到B選項的Victorian studies，也未曾提到C選項中的the Victorians』 notion of public image，因此排除B和C兩個選項。D選項的illustrated舉例證明Victorian攝影的發展，與原文表達不相符，排除。
32. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞Victorian portraits he has collected定位到文章第二段句①逗號前的部分… my collection of 『Smiling Victorians』 makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900，作者所收集的圖片僅僅只佔了1840至1900年間的一小部分，故選【B】它們在那個年代的照片中是很少見的。幹擾排除：定位句並未提及歷史學家，不能從作者是歷史學家的身份推斷得出A選項的內容，因此排除選項A;選項C它們反映了19世紀的社會風俗，在定位句沒有這樣的表達，排除選項C;選項D的exposure在定位句未提及，排除。
33. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞in the 1890s和kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures定位到原文第四段句② 逗號之後講到so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile我們必須從其他方面來解釋為什麼Victorians仍然不笑。而這一段並未告訴說明其他方面的具體內容。第五段句①講到一個解釋可能是loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin，但是四個選項均未在此設置。因此再讀到第五段的句②③解釋到「嘴唇是用來掩飾牙齒的」和「在維多利亞時代幾乎見不到『珍珠一樣白』的牙齒」，圓括號裡的內容也告訴我們在當時dental hygiene牙齒衛生沒有得到保證，故選【D】他們不衛生的牙齒狀況。幹擾排除：選項A他們固有的社會敏感，選項C他們不相信新發明均未在定位位置提及，故排除。選項B他們在相機面前緊張，camera相機是在第四段句①中提及的信息，但與B選項的內容並不一致，故排除。
34. 例證題。根據例子內容Mark Twain返回原文定位到第六段句②，作為例子它要證明的觀點在句①，咧著嘴笑是下等階層的體現，but之後講到but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons但是這與一個家教良好的人的身份不符，說明在照片裡笑這件事不被當時受過良好教養的人所歡迎，這是一種根深蒂固的觀念，故選A。幹擾排除：選項B一種被誤導的態度，選項C一個有爭議的看法，選項D一個引人深思的想法，都不符合第六段句①要表達的內容，故排除。
35. 主旨大意題。第一段講作者作為一個歷史學家收集了一些維多利亞時代人們面帶笑容的照片，而他將照片放到社交平臺上引起了軒然大波，因為這與人們印象中的維多利亞時代的人們在照片中往往都是一臉嚴肅的形象大相逕庭。在第二段，作者承認自己所收集的照片在那個時代的照片中是極少數的存在，大多數那個時代維多利亞人的照片都是面帶嚴肅的。接下來在第三四五六段都解釋了維多利亞時代人們所拍照片都是一臉嚴肅的原因。故選A為什麼大多數維多利亞時代的人們在照片中都看起來一臉嚴肅?幹擾排除：選項B，由原文可知，並非維多利亞時代的人關注照片，而是現在的人們在看他們的照片，故排除;選項C維多利亞時代攝影的發展只是文章第三、四段所關注到的細節信息，不能成為全文主題，故排除;選項D後維多利亞時代也並不是全文關注的主題內容，故排除。
Text 4
From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.
Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill—in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.
The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals』 streaming services but not their own.
On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that 「the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,」 and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to 「avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.」
In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to preempt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.
The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.
36. There has long been concern that broadband provides would___
A. bring web-based firms under control.
B. slow down the traffic on their network.
C. show partiality in treating clients.
D. intensify competition with their rivals.
37. Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules, the Fcc___
A. Sticks to an out-of-date order.
B. Takes an anti-regulatory stance.
C. Has issued a special resolution.
D. Has allowed the states to intervene.
38. What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph 3?
A. It protects against unfair competition.
B. It engages in anti-competitive practices.
C. It is under the FCC’s investigation.
D. It is in pursuit of quality service.
39. Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals court’s decision___
A. focuses on trivialities.
B. conveys an ambiguous message.
C. is at odds with its earlier rulings.
D. is out of touch with reality.
40. What does the author argue in the last paragraph?
A. Congress needs to take action to ensure net neutrality.
B. The FCC should be put under strict supervision.
C. Rules need to be set to diversify online services.
D. Broadband providers』 rights should be protected.
【正確答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. A
【解析】
36. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞broadband providers返回原文在第一段句②，這就是為什麼一直以來都強烈需要規則來阻止寬帶供應商挑選網際網路的優勝者和失敗者，正能解決題幹中的「長期擔憂」，選項C中的partiality「偏袒」與picking winner and losers含義對應，故選【C】表明在對待客戶中有偏袒行為。幹擾排除：選項A中的web-based firms在第一段句①但未表達對它們的控制，故排除;選項B在文中未提及;選項D中的rivals出現在第一段句①，但未表達加強競爭的含義，故排除。
37. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞net neutrality和FCC返回到原文第二段句③，句③未得到與選項相關的信息，故讀句④共和黨制定的命令不僅取消了FCC在2015年獲得民主黨多票通過的嚴格的網絡中立規則，同時也拒絕了該委員會要求寬帶提供商做任何事情的權力。由此得知面對網絡中立規則的要求，FCC採取反監管立場，故選【B】採取反對監管的立場。幹擾排除：選項A，文中並未指出該命令過時，故排除;選項C，根據第二段句③but instead of providing a badly needed resolution，並未提供解決方案，故排除;選項D，根據第二段句⑤「該命令還宣布，州和地方政府也無法規範寬帶提供商」，並未允許各州進行幹預，故排除。
38. 具體信息題。根據指定段落第三段和關鍵詞AT&T返回到第三段句①。句①講到委員會認為一些其他機構應該防止反競爭行為，比如一個寬帶供應集團AT&T，又講到AT&T在損害Netflix and Apple TV的情況下支持自己的視頻數據流服務，故選B它參與了反競爭行為。幹擾排除：選項A，它防止不正當競爭，與原文所述防止反競爭行為不相符，故排除;選項C，它受到FCC的調查，FCC結束調查是在本段句②提到的內容，與AT&T無關，故排除;選項D的quality service優質服務並不等同於文章中的video-streaming service視頻數據流服務，故排除。
39. 具體信息題。根據題幹關鍵詞the appeals court’s decision 返回原文定位到第四段句①，而Judge Patricia Millett 的觀點在第四段句②the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service這一結果與現代寬帶業務的現實脫節，故選D脫離了現實。幹擾排除：選項A關注瑣事，選項B傳遞了一個模稜兩可的信息，選項D與之前的規定不一致，都與原文表達內容不符，故排除。
40. 具體信息題。根據指定段落最後一段句①，無盡的法律鬥爭和反反覆覆迫切需要Congress站出來有所作為。句②具體說明國會需要做的事情，國會需要給該委員會永久的明確授權並且禁止寬帶供應商幹預它們網絡上的流量，設立清晰的規定來保護網絡公開和創新。由此得知最後一段主要在呼籲Congress採取行動解決需求，故選A。幹擾排除：選項B聯邦通信委員會應該受到更加嚴格的監管，在最後一段沒有此表述，故排除;選項C需要設置一些規定以使網絡服務更加多樣，最後一段未提到網絡服務的多樣化，故排除;選項D寬帶供應商的權益應該得到保護，在最後一段未提到，故排除。
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