一、大體解剖結構
由於三角韌帶的組成部分是連續的且很難區分,多年來,三角韌帶及其組成部分的解剖學描述存在混亂。文獻證實,多數作者認同的是:三角韌帶由兩層組成(淺層和深層),之間由脂肪墊分隔,每層具有多個組成部分。目前普遍接受的是,三角韌帶由6部分組成,淺層4部分,深層2部分。
淺層的脛舟韌帶、脛彈簧韌帶、脛跟韌帶和脛距韌帶4部分中,脛跟韌帶和脛距韌帶存在變化。功能上,這些韌帶幫助維持距骨與內踝的對齊狀態,並且抵抗距骨外旋。
深層的脛距前韌帶、脛距後韌帶2部分中,脛距前韌帶不總是存在。功能上,韌帶纖維阻止距骨的側向移位和外旋,並作為踝關節的主要穩定結構。
(一)三角韌帶淺層結構
A:三角韌帶淺層前內側觀:脛舟韌帶束
The ligament originated on the anterior colliculus of the medialmalleolus and inserted in an expansive manner onto the dor-somedial surface of the navicular immediately anterior to thetalonavicular articular cartilage border 。
B:三角韌帶淺層內側觀:彈簧韌帶束
It originated on theanterior tibial colliculus and inserted onto the plantar calca-neonavicular (spring) ligament at 35% (95% CI, 33.4% to36.6%) of its posteroanterior distance 。
C:三角韌帶淺層內側觀:脛跟韌帶束
It attached near the intercollicular groove ofthe medial malleolus and attached at the most posterior aspectof the sustenaculum tali on the calcaneus, immediately posterior to the spring ligament’s insertion on the sustenaculumtali 。
D:三角韌帶淺層後內側觀:脛距後韌帶束
The ligament center originated near the distal centerof the intercollicular groove and attached onto the postero-inferior medial talar body, anterosuperior to the postero-medial talar tubercle 。
(二)三角韌帶深層結構
三角韌帶深層結構:深層脛距前韌帶和脛距後韌帶
脛距前韌帶:This short ligament originated atthe most inferior and anterior areas of the medial malleolusand inserted onto the anterosuperior portions of the medialtalus body immediately inferior to the articular cartilage ofthe trochlea 。
脛距後韌帶:It was consis-tently the largest and thickest band of the superficial and deeplayers. It originated nearthe distal center of the intercollicular groove and inserted on theposterosuperior aspect of the medial talar body inferior to thearticular cartilage of the trochlea
(三)三角韌帶起止點示意圖
三角韌帶起止點示意圖:A:丘間溝的遠端中心;B:距骨後內側結節;C:載距突後緣;D:足舟骨結節;E:距骨滑車前內側角
二、鏡下結構
(一)未撕裂
從脛前肌腱內側,踝關節水平入路見踝關節內側關節囊。
(二)撕裂
鏡下觀撕裂全貌
內踝端深層雙束斷裂
距骨端雙束斷裂
參考文獻略
深圳平樂骨傷科醫院足踝外科 公眾號
歡迎關注。