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Anterior Cruciate Ligament
(ACL) Injuries in Women
女性前交叉韌帶損傷
Overview（概述）
The anterior cruciate ligament, commonly called the ACL, is a thick, elastic band of tissue that runs from the bottom of the femur to the top of the tibia. It helps stabilize the knee joint. The ACL can become stretched or torn when the knee is twisted or hyperextended. For reasons that are not fully understood, ACL injuries are much more common in women than in men.
前交叉韌帶，通常稱為ACL，是連接於股骨底部到脛骨頂部的一個厚而有彈性的條索組織。它有助於穩定膝關節。當膝關節扭轉或過度伸展時，ACL會拉斷或撕裂。ACL損傷在女性中比男性更常見，其原因尚不完全明了。
Anatomy（解剖）
The anatomy of women's hips and legs may make women more prone to ACL injuries. Men's knees generally align directly under their hips. Women have wider hips than men, and this increases the angle at which women's femurs meet their tibias at the knee joints. This increased angle may place a greater amount of stress on the ACL during certain movements.
女性的髖關節和腿部的解剖可能會使女性易於發生ACL損傷。男性膝關節一般直接排列在髖關節下方。女性的髖部比男性更寬大，這增加了女性股骨和脛骨在膝關節相連處的角度。這種角度的增加會在某些運動過程中ACL受到更大的應力。
Joints and Muscles（關節和肌肉）
Other differences in anatomy may also play a role. Women's joints tend to be more flexible than men's. Women's muscles tend to be weaker. The space around the ACL is narrower in women than in men. All of these anatomical differences can put women at a greater risk for ACL injury.
解剖學上的其他差異也可能起著一定作用。女性的關節往往比男性更柔韌。女性的肌肉往往比較薄弱。女性ACL周圍的空間比男性更窄。所有這些解剖差異都會使女性患ACL損傷的風險更大。
Movement（運動）
Differences in the way men and women move their bodies may also be a factor. Men tend to begin participating in vigorous athletic sports at a very young age, while women tend to start at a later age. This can allow men more time to condition their bodies to the stresses of jumping, cutting and pivoting.
男性和女性身體移動方式的差異也可能是一個因素。男性往往在很小的年紀就開始參加激烈的體育運動，而女性則在晚些時候才開始。這可以讓男性有更多的時間來調節身體以應對跳躍、剪切和旋轉的應力。
Prevention（預防）
While doctors are still studying the factors that play a role in women's ACL injuries, studies have shown that female athletes can lower their risk of these injuries by strengthening the muscles of the legs and by learning proper techniques for running and jumping.
雖然醫生們仍在研究影響女性ACL損傷的因素，但研究表明，女性運動員可以通過加強腿部肌肉力量和學習正確的跑跳技術來降低她們受傷的風險。
（胡佰文 譯）
相關閱讀：
中英文字幕：膝關節解剖（Anatomy of the Knee）
中英文字幕：使用膕繩肌腱重建ACL（ARTHROTEK® and EZLoc™ Devices）
中英文字幕：前交叉韌帶重建（ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex® TightRope®)
中英文字幕：前交叉韌帶重建（ACL Reconstruction with Arthrex RetroScrew)
中英文字幕：使用膕繩肌腱重建前十字韌帶（ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring）
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