中英文字幕:肘關節投擲損傷(Throwing Injuries of the Elbow)

　　反覆投擲時肘關節受力很大。投擲動作使肘關節內側的肌腱和韌帶牽張外側結構受壓。這些作用力可能損傷軟組織和骨骼，尤其是那些骨骼尚未完全成熟的年輕運動員。

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Throwing Injuries of the Elbow

（肘關節投擲損傷）

Overview（概述）

Repetitive throwing places severe stress on the elbow joint. The throwing motion stretches the tendons and ligaments on the inner side of the elbow and compresses the structures on the outer side. These forces can damage tissue and bone, especially in young athletes whose bones have not fully matured.

　　反覆投擲時肘關節受力很大。投擲動作使肘關節內側的肌腱和韌帶牽張外側結構受壓。這些作用力可能損傷軟組織和骨骼，尤其是那些骨骼尚未完全成熟的年輕運動員。

Medial Epicondylitis

內上髁炎

Medial Epicondylitis, commonly called golfer's elbow, results from overuse of the muscles and tendons of the forearm. This can gradually deteriorate the common flexor tendon, which attaches to the medial epicondyle (the bony bump on the inner side if the elbow）. It can usually be treated without surgery.

　　內上髁炎通常被稱作高爾夫球肘，因前臂的肌肉和肌腱過度使用導致。這樣可逐漸損害附著在內上髁（肘關節內側骨性隆起）的屈肌總腱。一般可以進行非手術治療。

Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament (MUCL) Injury

內側尺側副韌帶損傷

Repetitive throwing can sprain or tear the medial ulnar collateral ligament, typically the anterior band located on the inner side of the elbow between the ulna and humerus. An MUCL injury causes pain on the inner side of the elbow. A complete tear may require a type of reconstructive surgery commonly called Tommy John surgery.

　　反覆投擲可造成內側尺側副韌帶扭傷或撕裂，最常見的是位於肘關節內側尺骨與肱骨之間的前束。內側尺側副韌帶損傷引起肘關節內側疼痛。完全撕裂需要通常稱為「Tommy John 手術」的韌帶重建手術。

Medial Apophysitis

內側骨突炎

Medial Apophysitis, commonly called Little League elbow, usually occurs in children before they reach puberty. Childrens' bones have growth plates on the ends - areas that allow the bones to expand. Repetitive throwing can damage the ligaments or fracture the growth plates, causing pain and swelling on the inner side of the elbow. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

　　內側骨突炎通常稱為「小聯盟肘」，常發生於青春期前的兒童。兒童骨骺端有生長板，允許骨骼生長延長。反覆投擲可能使韌帶損傷、生長板骨折，引起肘關節內側的疼痛腫脹。

Osteochondritis Dissecans 

剝脫性骨軟骨炎

In Osteochondritis Dissecans, repetitive throwing disrupts the blood supply to the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones. This can cause sections of cartilage and bone to pull away or break loose completely. This condition commonly causes pain on the outer side of the elbow and may cause the joint to click or lock. Surgery may be required to remove any loose fragments.

　　在剝脫性骨軟骨炎病例，反覆投擲破壞了墊於骨骺端的軟骨的血供。這可導致部分軟骨和骨分離或破裂，完全鬆脫。這種情況通常導致肘關節外側疼痛，並引起關節彈響和交鎖。可能需要進行手術，將鬆脫的碎片去除。

（胡佰文  譯）

相關閱讀：

中英文字幕：橈管症候群（Radial Tunnel Syndrome）

中英文字幕：肱骨內上髁炎（高爾夫球肘）/Medial Epicondylitis(Golfer's Elbow)

中英文字幕：肘部的肱二頭肌腱炎(Inflammation of the Biceps Tendon at the Elbow)

中英文字幕：肱二頭肌腱炎

中英文字幕：肘關節骺板損傷（Growth Plate Injuries of the Elbow）

中英文字幕：肘管松解術（Cubital Tunnel Release at the Elbow）

中英文字幕：尺骨鷹嘴滑囊抽吸術（Aspiration of the Olecranon Bursa）

中英文字幕：肘關節尺神經轉位術（Ulnar Nerve Transposition at the Elbow）

中英文字幕：肱三頭肌腱炎（2017新版）Triceps Tendonitis

中英文字幕：肱三頭肌腱炎（Triceps Tendonitis）

中英文字幕：肘關節過勞性損傷（Overuse Injuries of the Elbow）

中英文字幕：肘關節剝脫性骨軟骨炎（Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Elbow）

中英文字幕：尺側副韌帶重建（Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction）

中英文字幕：肘關節尺側副韌帶損傷（Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury）

中英文字幕：內側骨突炎（Medial Apophysitis）

中英文字幕：肱骨外上髁炎（網球肘）（Lateral Epicondylitis ／Tennis Elbow）

附：網球肘的鍛鍊方法

中英文字幕：肘部滑囊炎（Elbow Bursitis）

中英文字幕：肘管症候群（Cubital Tunnel Syndrome）

英漢對照骨科患者指南048：網球肘

英漢對照骨科患者指南022：肘關節解剖

英漢對照骨科患者指南010：肘關節脫位

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