中英雙語閱讀 | 痴呆症不容忽視
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Governments also need to think about long-term care for people with dementia. The question that is most often asked is how to pay for it. Japan’s compulsory long-term-care insurance scheme, requiring everyone aged 40-65 to pay a premium, seems attractive, as it avoids penalising the young. But it is not self-financing. The increasing burden there as elsewhere will fall on individuals and the taxpayer.
Goverments還需要考慮對痴呆症患者的長期護理。人們經常問的問題是如何支付這筆費用。日本的強制性長期護理保險計劃要求所有40-65歲的人都要繳納保險費，這似乎很有吸引力，因為它避免了使年輕人陷入困境。但這不是自籌資金。與其他地方一樣，日益加重的負擔將落在個人和納稅人身上。
And an even more fundamental question than who pays for care is: who will do it? Undertaken with humanity and dignity, it is extremely labour-intensive. Technology can help lighten the load———using remote monitoring to let people stay at home and, perhaps in future, robots to perform some basic tasks (see article). But looking after people with dementia requires people. The job is usually classified as low-skilled and is often poorly paid. In fact it demands huge reserves of patience, empathy and kindness. It should be better rewarded and more highly regarded even though that would add to the bill. In countries such as Japan and Britain, with acute shortages of care-workers, immigration will have to be made easier for those willing and able to do it.
還有一個比誰來支付醫療費用更基礎的問題是：誰來支付這筆費用。以人道和尊嚴的方式而進行的這項工作，是極度的勞動密集型。技術可以幫助減輕負擔，使用遠程監控讓人們呆在家裡，也許在未來，機器人可以執行一些基本任務（見文章）。但是照顧痴呆症患者需要人。這項工作通常被歸類為低技能工作，而且報酬通常很低。事實上，這需要巨大的耐心、同理心和善意。它應該得到更好的獎勵和更高的評價，儘管這會增加帳單。在日本和英國等國家，由於護理人員嚴重短缺，必須讓願意和能夠從事這一工作的人更容易移民。
Lastly, evidence suggests that as many at 40% of cases of dementia can be delayed or averted by changing behaviour earlier in life. The trouble is that public-health campaigns have a patchy record and they do nothing for dementia’s most intractable pre-existing condition—old age. No cure, insufficient financing and a tricky public-health message: perhaps that is enough to make you throw up your hands in despair. Instead, however, it only underlines how the solutions to dementia, like the disease itself, will take decades to unfold. It is yet another reason to start working on them right away.
最後，有證據表明，40%的痴呆症患者可以通過早年改變行為來延緩或避免。問題在於，公共衛生運動的記錄並不完整，並且對於老年痴呆症這一最棘手的先天性問題——高齡，卻無能為力。無藥可治，資金不足，公共衛生信息獲取棘手：也許這足以讓你絕望地舉手投降。然而，它只強調了痴呆症的解決方案，就像疾病本身一樣，需要幾十年才能顯現出來。這是立即著手研究它們的另一個原因。
This article appeared in the Leaders section of the print edition under the headline "The forgotten problem"
單詞段落6、7、81. schemeUK/skiːm/ US/skiːm/
an organized plan for doing something, especially something dishonest or illegal that will bring a good result for you
陰謀，詭計
•He has a hare-brained/crazy scheme for getting rich before he's 20.
他有一個輕率的／瘋狂的計劃，讓自己在20歲前致富。
an officially organized plan or system
方案，計劃
•Under the current marking/mark scheme, you need 90 percent to get an A.
在現在的評卷系統下，你必須有90分才能得A。
•a training/housing/play scheme
培訓／住房／娛樂活動方案
•a pension/savings scheme
養老金／儲蓄金計劃
verb [ I or T ]
UK/skiːm/ US/skiːm/
to make clever, secret plans that often deceive others 密謀，策劃
•All her assistants were scheming against her.
她所有的助手都在密謀反對她。
[ + to infinitive ]
•For months he had been scheming to prevent her from getting the top job.
數月以來，他一直在密謀阻止她得到這個最高職位。
US: [ˈprimiəm] UK: [ˈpriːmiəm]
n. 保險費；額外費用；獎金；津貼
adj. 優質的；昂貴的；價格更高的
Web 溢價；升水；保費
詞形：premiums
•This "wage premium" reflects the extent to which workers have been able to extract more pay than is merited by their qualifications.
這一「工資溢價」反映的是工人所獲得的薪酬要比其能力所應得的多出多少。
•"China is one of the top markets for premium car brands, on the same level as the United States, " Zhong said.
鍾石分析，中國是高檔汽車的最大市場之一，同美國處於同一水平。
•What was an acceptable premium when the deal was hatched turned into a gaping discount as Chinese stocks surged.
由於中國股市飆升，此筆交易醞釀時令人滿意的溢價變成了明顯的折讓。
UK/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/ US/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
verb [T]
to cause someone a disadvantage
使處於不利地位
•The present tax system penalizes poor people.
現行稅收制度對窮人不利。
•The system should ensure that borrowers are not penalized by sudden rises in mortgage rates.
該計劃應確保借款者不會因按揭貸款利率突然提高而陷入困境。
verb [T]
to punish someone for breaking a rule
（因犯規）處罰，懲罰
•He was penalized early in the game for uunsportsmanlike conduct.
他在比賽開始不久因危險動作而受到處罰。
US: [bɪl] UK: [bɪl]
n. 法案；帳單；喙；海報
v. 開帳單；把（某人或事物）宣傳為…；宣布…將做某事
Web 比爾；帳單；鈔票
詞形：bills、billing、billed
•Though Tom would be away for at least three days, Bill had a strange feeling of his nearness.
儘管湯姆至少會離開三天，比爾卻奇怪地感覺到他就在附近。
•Nobody wants to be surprised by a large bill and left without a full audit of the use that led to that bill.
沒有人希望收到令人驚愕的巨額帳單，而且還不能完整地審計該帳單。
US: [ə'kjut] UK: [ə'kjuːt]
adj. 十分嚴重的；（疾病）急性的；靈敏的；敏銳的
Web 尖銳的；劇烈的；尖的
詞形：acutes
•For the same reason, don't make up for an acute bout of insomnia by going to bed early.
出於相同的原因，不要因為一次嚴重的失眠症的發作而用早點上床來補償。
•Over the last few months, there has been a steady increase in the numbers of children suffering from acute malnutrition.
過去幾個月，兒童嚴重營養不良的人數穩步上升。
US: [ə'vɜrt] UK: [ə'vɜː(r)t]
v. 避免；轉移
Web 避開；逃避的
詞形：averted、averting、averts
•China's milk disaster might have been averted , or fewer people affected, had China's leaders permitted journalists to do their jobs.
如果中國領導人之前允許記者正常開展工作，中國的毒牛奶事件有可能避免，或者不會有那麼多人受到影響。
US: ['pætʃi] UK: ['pætʃi]
adj. 零散的；散落的；分布不勻的；不完整的
Web 斑狀；補丁的；補綴的
詞形：patchier、patchiest
•Moran is right, it is simple: and yet, for such a simple message, its cultural penetration has been patchy, fluctuating and disappointing.
墨蘭是對的，這本來就很簡單：然而，即便是這樣一個簡單的信息，它的文化穿透一直都不甚完整，搖擺不定，令人失望。
•"Enforcement is still patchy but our office in Shanghai is having increasing success, " she said.
她說：「執行情況依舊有好有壞，但我們在上海的辦事處在這方面日益取得進展。」
US: [ɪn'træktəb(ə)l] UK: [ɪn'træktəb(ə)l]
adj. 很難對付（或處理）的
Web 倔強的；難處理的；難對付的
•In software, an intractable problem can usually be replaced by an equivalent one that's easy to solve.
在軟體領域，一個難以對付的問題通常可以被一個等價的較易解決的問題代替。
•So it looks like a little bit of an intractable, or at least a little bit of a complicated, function.
所以它看起來有點棘手，至少是有點複雜的函數。
•Perhaps, relief: that the dark decades of soaring population growth, inching economic growth and intractable poverty, are finally over.
或許是一種寬慰感：在過去黑暗的數十年間印度人口增長迅猛，經濟增長緩慢，貧窮根深蒂固，現在這一切終於一去不復返了。
Web 已存在的醫療狀況；已有疾病；已有病症
•Anyway, your pre-existing condition won't be covered under most corporate plans for at least a year.
反正，大部分公司在一年之內都不會承擔你已經存在的醫療保險問題的。
•He said he never performed the procedure, telling her he was worriedabout a pre-existing condition she had.
他說他決不會進行那個療程，並告訴她，他擔心她現在的身體狀況。
•If you've had some sort of pre-existing condition, it can be very difficult to get health insurance.
如果你在之前已經患病，要參加醫療保險非常困難。
•Lincoln fought off death for nine hours - hardly within the ability of a man with a pre-existing condition.
而林肯是九個小時後死亡—如果一個身體存在疾病的男人是很難做到這點。
US: ['trɪki] UK: ['trɪki]
adj. 難辦的；難對付的；狡猾的；詭計多端的
Web 棘手的；複雜的；機警的
詞形：trickier、trickiest
•Let's take a look at how this whole process works, as it can be tricky to understand without a bit of a primer.
讓我們看看整個過程是如何進行的，如果不了解一些基礎知識的話這將很難理解。
na. 絕望地
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中英雙語閱讀 | 痴呆症不容忽視 | 經濟學人 | 段落2
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