In previous global crises — such as the 2008 financial crisis and the 2014 Ebola epidemic — the US assumed the role of global leader. But the current US administration has abdicated the job of leader. It has made it very clear that it cares about the greatness of America far more than about the future of humanity.
在先前的全球性危機,例如2008年金融危機和2014年伊波拉疫情中,美國總是擔任全球領袖的角色。但最近美國政府卻放棄了這一領導角色。美國已經表明,比起人類的未來,其更在意的是自身的強大。【單詞】assume [v.] <★★★>
音標:/əˈsjuːm/ 拼讀及重音:uh-soom
這個單詞大家再熟悉不過了「假設」。它的另一種常見含義是:
v.就職;取得權力take or begin to have (power or responsibility)
We assume full responsibility for the content of this article.
(我們對本文的內容承擔全部責任)
Are you prepared to assume full responsibility for the outcome of your business?
(你準備好開始為自己的商業產出全權負責了嗎?)
注意!assume是學術寫作高頻詞彙!當作為「就職」含義時,可以和take (on)替換
I've had to take on the role of mother in her absence.
(她不在的時候,我不得不承擔起了母親的角色)
【單詞】abdicate [v.] <★★>
音標:/ˈabdɪkeɪt/ 拼讀及重音:ab-di-keyt
v.1.(君主)退位【不接賓語】(of a monarch) renounce one's throne
The last French king abdicated in 1848.
(法國末代國王於1848年退位)
可以用step down替換abdicate
2.未能完成某項職責【接賓語】fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or duty)
The government is abdicating its responsibility and laying the blame elsewhere.
(政府不僅未能履行其職責,而且還在胡亂指責他人)
This administration has abandoned even its closest allies. When it banned all travel from the EU, it didn’t bother to give the EU so much as an advance notice — let alone consult with the EU about that drastic measure. It has scandalised Germany by allegedly offering $1bn to a German pharmaceutical company to buy monopoly rights to a new Covid-19 vaccine.
美國甚至拋棄了最親密的盟友。當美國宣布禁止來自歐盟的人員入境時,它甚至都不屑於事先給歐盟一個通知——更不用說與歐盟就這一嚴厲措施進行磋商。據稱,美國向一德國醫藥公司開價十億美元,欲購買其新型新冠疫苗的壟斷權,此舉震驚了德國。
【單詞】abandon [v.] [n.] <★★★>
音標:/əˈband(ə)n/ 拼讀及重音:uh-ban-duhn
這個單詞但凡看過一眼單詞書的人都應該認識吧,哈哈,好不容易下定決心背背單詞,第一個單詞居然是教人放棄,人艱不拆!
作動詞主要有以下幾個含義
v.1. 停止(支持或幫助);遺棄cease to support or look after (someone)
Her natural mother had abandoned her at an early age.
(在她很小的時候,生母就遺棄了她)
2. 離開、拋棄(某地或車輛),且無意返回leave (a place or vehicle) empty or uninhabited, without intending to return
Local elites abandoned the countryside for cities.
(當地的精英們拋棄了鄉村,前往了城市)
3. 完全放棄(某種做法或行動)give up completely (a practice or a course of action)
He abandoned his course of study at 12.
(他12歲的時候就放棄了學業)
Rescuers abandoned attempts to find survivors.
(救援人員放棄了搜尋倖存者)
4.(計劃的活動)在完成前停止discontinue (a scheduled event) before completion
It was raining again and the match was abandoned.
(雨又下了起來,比賽被迫提前終止)
n. 放任;放縱complete lack of inhibition or restraint
She danced with total abandon.
(她放縱地跳著舞)
注意:abandon是學術寫作中的高頻詞彙
【單詞;短語】bother; bother to <★★★>
這個詞我想跳出詞典裡的釋義來講
bother [v.] [n.] 先說名詞,就是麻煩;困難的意思
He saved me the bother of having to come up with a speech.
(他省去了我還得編一份演講稿的麻煩)
再說動詞,就兩個含義 v.①讓(某人)煩惱;②花費時間/精力(做某事)
第①層意思比較單純
It bothered me that I did nothing.
(我啥都沒做,煩死我了)這也是大家居家隔離的常見表述
再說第②層意思,主要用於否定!而且很多bother相關的短語是因為這層意思引申出來的
Scientists rarely bother with such details.
(科學家很少操心這些細節)rarely否定
The driver didn't bother to ask why.
(司機都懶得問原因)didn’t否定
接著說動詞第②層含義的相關短語:
1. can’t be bothered (to do something)不願意;不稀得;不屑於花(應該花的)精力做某事。給人的語感是誰誰誰高高在上,眼高手低,都懶得做(某些本該做的事兒)
They couldn't be bothered to look it up.
(他們都懶得去查一下)
2. don’t bother不用麻煩;不麻煩了
Don't bother if it's too much trouble.
(這事要是太麻煩,你就別費神了)
大家要注意,雖然don’t bother不帶一個髒字,但它獨立成句時,其實是不滿程度很強的一個短語,哪怕說話人的口氣再委婉,語氣再平和。它背後暗示的意思是「用不著了,不勞煩您了,不敢麻煩您」,充滿了不滿和埋怨
比如你有一個又愛又恨的朋友,這個朋友哪兒哪兒都好,唯獨就是小氣到家,還因為小氣壞過你很多大事。有一次你倆準備面試同一家公司,面試前天你發現自己沒領帶,於是電話讓朋友幫你帶一條,朋友滿口答應。
結果第二天他卻沒給你帶,雖然他嘴上說忘了,但你其實知道他就是小氣,不肯借給你。眼看著馬上要壞了大事了,朋友說你先戴我的,等你面完再換他戴。但是你怒氣已經爆表,再加上他往日的各種不靠譜事跡湧上心頭,所以你不爭饅頭爭口氣,打死也不借他的領帶,準備出去買一條。
於是你對朋友簡單利落的說「Don’t bother!」潛臺詞就是「千萬別,不勞煩您了,可不敢借您的領帶,借不起」,這就是don’t bother的語感,它暗含很強的不滿
有人會問,如果是同樣的情況,但你不生氣,那應該如何表達呢?
①No worries, mate. I』ll buy one right now from the shop downstairs.
(沒關係兄弟,我現在去樓下商店買一條)
②That’s all right. It’s not necessary. I』ll survive without a tie. No hard feelings mate.
(沒事兒的,有沒有都無所謂,沒有領帶我也能面試。你別有心理負擔啊兄弟)
③No worries. My bad. I should have reminded you again this morning.
(沒關係,怪我,今早我應該再提醒你一次)
相較之下,大家應該能感受到don’t bother深深的惡意了
【短語;語氣】so much as <★★★>
直接告訴大家訣竅:so much as = even
替換到原文中,茅塞頓開!
It didn’t bother to give the EU even (so much as) an advance notice.
此外,大家注意,don’t bother to和so much as (even)是兩個語氣非常強的短語。Don’t bother在上一個知識點講過了,so much as的同義詞even大家也都熟悉,它能夠加強語氣
在這兩個短語的雙重加強下,充分說明作者對美國捨棄歐盟的不滿。如果用在口語中,這句話最對等的口吻應當是:美國壓根兒都不屑於告訴歐盟,甚至事前連招呼都不打一聲!
I didn't so much as catch sight of him all day long.
(我一整天連他人影都沒見著)
【短語】let alone <★★★>
簡單,只要記住表示「更別提」就可以了,相當於not to mention
He was incapable of leading a team, let alone a country.
(他連一個隊伍都帶領不好,更別提帶領一個國家了)
He was incapable of leading a team, not to mention a country.
(他連一個隊伍都帶領不好,更別提帶領一個國家了)
【單詞;寫作】drastic [adj.] <★★★★>
音標:/ˈdrastɪk/ 拼讀及重音:dras-tik
adj.有很強的影響力的;極端的;急劇的;猛烈的likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme
They felt their salary issues would never get solved unless drastic action was taken.
(他們感覺如果不採取強有力的措施,那麼薪酬問題沒法解決)
注意!drastic是學術寫作中的高頻詞彙,建議使用,其同義詞有dire, radical,二者也同樣是學術寫作高頻詞彙
【單詞】scandalise [v.] <★★>
音標:/ˈskand(ə)lʌɪz/ 拼讀及重音:skan-dl-ahyz
聯想一下我們認識的詞,醜聞scandal,然後-lise結尾通常是動詞,基本上就能猜個八九不離十了
v.通過失禮或違反道德的行為使(某人)憤怒或震驚shock or horrify (someone) by a real or imagined violation of propriety or morality
Their lack of manners scandalized their hosts.
(他們的毫無禮節讓主人很憤怒)
【單詞】monopoly [n.] <★★>
音標:/məˈnɒp(ə)li/ 拼讀及重音:muh-nop-uh-lee
這個詞很單純,就是壟斷;壟斷企業的意思
State-owned monopolies continued to control electricity and water supply.
(國有壟斷企業繼續控制著電力和水源供應)
《大富翁》這款遊戲的英文名最初就是monopoly。因為遊戲最後只有一個勝利者,其餘玩家均破產,所以就是「壟斷」(我們譯為大富翁)。傳說這款遊戲的本意是為了向國會展示資本主義的弊端(財主壟斷市場),但沒想到這款遊戲最後火了……
【翻譯】<★★★★>
偶然間看到其他自媒體也對本文做了翻譯,所以,我們決定從學術角度來對比一下譯文,從而給大家講講翻譯應該注意的要素。注意!對比僅僅是為了學術交流,給大家講翻譯中易錯的點和能提升的地方,並不是為了貶低別人,正如英國前首相卡梅倫所說You never pull one person up by pulling another one down
首先,整體的流暢程度我不做評判,只是希望大家翻譯完的時候,一定要跳出英文原文,再讀一次自己的中文譯文,看看讀起來到底像不像中國話
其次,「沒想到要事先通知歐盟」中的「沒想到」是誤譯,don’t bother我已經給大家講了,表達的是明明知道,但就是「懶得做」「不屑於告訴你歐盟,老美我不在乎」,和「沒想到」是有很大差異的
「購買了新的…」是誤譯,原文是to buy,並沒有說已經購買成功,大家查查新聞也可以看到最後並沒有交易成功,所以這個「了」直接導致譯文錯誤。同樣錯誤的還有「提出了一項……」中的「了」
詞語搭配問題,「榮譽歸咎於…」,歸咎表示的是罪過或錯誤。責任可以說歸咎,榮譽應該說歸功更為合適
Even if the current administration eventually changes tack and comes up with a global plan of action, few would follow a leader who never takes responsibility, who never admits mistakes, and who routinely takes all the credit for himself while leaving all the blame to others.
即使現任政府最終改變方針,提出全球行動計劃,但也幾乎沒有國家會跟隨一個從不承擔責任、從不承認錯誤、慣於把好處歸為己有,把過失歸咎他人的領袖。
【單詞】tack [n.] [v.] <★★>
音標:/tak/拼讀及重音:tak
這個詞好多詞義都和航海有關,過於專業,不過多解釋,大家知道作動詞可以指海上的「逆風而行」就可以了。我們講其他的含義
n.1.大頭針a small, sharp broad-headed nail
2.【主要用於北美】圖釘;平頭針
a drawing pin thumb tack或drawing pin就是圖釘
3.處理問題或處境的方法;行動或政策方向a method of dealing with a situation or problem; a course of action or policy
He changed tack.
(他改變了策略/方針)
v. (用平頭釘)釘住fasten or fix in place with tacks
Tack it in place at the top and bottom.
(用平頭針把頂部和底部固定)
注意:tack出現在小說和雜誌中居多,幾乎很少出現在學術寫作中
【短語】credit <★★★>
這個詞本身大家再熟悉不過了,著重講講相關常見短語
1.take the credit表示功勞是誰誰誰的,可以根據語境翻譯為邀功、搶功等
I did all the work, and she took the credit.
(活都是我幹的,功勞都是她佔的)
take可以用claim, get, receive替換
Why should she get all the credit?
(憑什麼功勞都是她的?)
2.credit to 大家如果有留學生朋友的話,有的時候會發現他們發個朋友圈照片為什麼要寫個credit to,說白了意思就是「這(張照片)歸功於誰誰誰」「感謝誰誰誰的照片」
3.be in credit表示(帳戶上)有錢
Your statement shows your account to be in credit.
(你的銀行帳單顯示,你帳戶裡有錢)
4.have something to one's credit取得了很大成就
Though young, he has many achievements to his credit.
(他雖然年輕,但已經有很多偉大的成就)
5.on credit賒帳
Don't be tempted to buy on credit if you can't pay it back. (如果還不上,就不要賒帳購買)
6. to one's credit值得讚揚的是…
It is to your credit that while in prison you have addressed your drug problem.
(你值得表揚的是,蹲監獄期間你把嗑藥問題解決了)
【短語】blame <★★★>
這個詞大家也很熟悉,重點講短語和collocation
(someone) be to blame表示(某人)應當對某個錯誤承擔責任;應該責怪(某人)
He was to blame for their deaths.
(他應該對他們的死負責)
1.表示挨罵的collocation: get
My brother broke the window, but I got the blame.
(我哥哥打破了窗戶,卻讓我挨罵)
2.表示承擔罵名/責任的collocation:accept, bear, shoulder, take
The company refused to accept any blame for the damage.
(該公司拒絕為損失承擔任何責任)
3.表示歸咎於……的collocation: lay, pin, place, put
They placed the blame on the doctor.
(他們歸咎於醫生)