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Publishing
出版業
Book-binding
圖書裝訂
Bertelsmann snaps up Simon & Schuster
貝塔斯曼一舉拿下西蒙與舒斯特
IN THE DAYS before Thanksgiving two top contenders emerged for Simon & Schuster, the fifth-biggest English-language book publisher by revenues, from ViacomCBS, an American media group. On November 25th Bertelsmann gained the upper hand. With an offer of $2.2bn the German parent of Penguin Random House (PRH), the largest publisher by a Tolstoyan margin, outbid News Corp, Rupert Murdoch’s media group, whose catalogue contains HarperCollins, ranked third.
感恩節前夕,意欲收購美國媒體集團ViacomCBS旗下全球第五大(以營收計)英語圖書出版商西蒙與舒斯特(Simon & Schuster)的兩大競爭者浮現。11月25日,貝塔斯曼集團(Bertelsmann)佔得上風。它是營收遙遙領先的全球最大出版商企鵝蘭登書屋(Penguin Random House)的德國母公司,出價22億美元,高於默多克的媒體集團新聞集團(News Corp)的出價。新聞集團旗下擁有排名第三的出版商哈珀·柯林斯(HarperCollins)。
A merger with Simon & Schuster would give PRH almost one-third of English-language book sales. That is more than double the market share of its closest rival, Hachette Livre, owned by Lagardère, an ailing French conglomerate. (Vivendi, a French group that is Lagardère’s biggest shareholder, also briefly vied for Simon & Schuster.) In America the merged biblio-behemoth would control 70% of the market for literary fiction.
與西蒙與舒斯特合併將使企鵝蘭登佔到全球英語圖書銷量的近三分之一。這是緊隨其後的競爭對手阿歇特出版公司(Hachette Livre)市場份額的兩倍多,後者的母公司為陷入困境的法國企業集團拉加代爾(Lagardère)。拉加代爾最大的股東法國集團維旺迪(Vivendi)也曾一度參與爭奪西蒙與舒斯特。在美國,合併後的這個圖書出版巨獸將控制虛構類文學作品市場70%的份額。
Authors and agents worry that the enlarged PRH may become ever more dominant in distribution—and that market concentration could lead to an excessive focus on bestsellers such as Michelle Obama’s memoir of her time as America’s first lady (which was published by a PRH subsidiary) at the expense of niche titles that are no less worthy. Robert Thomson, News Corp’s boss, is certain, for his part, that the Bertelsmann deal will alert trustbusters. Earlier this year America’s Department of Justice thwarted a merger of Cengage and McGraw-Hill, two publishers of educational books. Any delay would be bad news for ViacomCBS, which needs the money badly for investments in video-streaming, where it lags behind rivals such as Netflix, Disney or AT&T, a telecoms giant that owns HBO.
作家和代理商們擔心,擴張後的企鵝蘭登可能會日益主導圖書分銷,而市場高度集中可能會導致過分重視暢銷書,比如米歇爾·歐巴馬對自己身為美國第一夫人時期的回憶錄(由企鵝蘭登的子公司出版),而忽略同樣有價值的小眾書作。新聞集團的老闆羅伯特·湯姆森(Robert Thomson)就深信,貝塔斯曼的這宗收購將驚動反壟斷機構。今年早前,美國司法部阻止了兩家教育圖書出版商聖智(Cengage)和麥格勞希爾(McGraw-Hill)的合併。此次收購的任何延誤對ViacomCBS來說都是壞消息,因為它迫切需要資金投資視頻流媒體業務。ViacomCBS在這方面落後於奈飛(Netflix)、迪士尼或擁有HBO的電信巨頭AT&T等競爭對手。
Thomas Rabe, Bertelsmann’s boss, says he is confident that regulators in America and other countries will bless the deal. They rarely block mergers that only reduce the number of big players from five to four. The last big union, Bertelsmann’s takeover in 2013 of Penguin, did not fall foul of antitrust guardians. Moreover, the leading five have lost market share in recent years to smaller rivals, not to mention Amazon, which these days not only sells books (as well as just about everything else) but also publishes them.
貝塔斯曼的老闆託馬斯·拉貝(Thomas Rabe)表示,他相信美國和其他國家的監管機構會支持這宗收購。它們很少會阻止那種只是把某個市場上的大公司數量從五個減少到四個的併購。上一次大型收購,也就是貝塔斯曼在2013年收購企鵝集團,並未受到反壟斷監管機構的阻攔。而且五大出版集團近些年也被較小的競爭對手奪去了部分市場份額,被亞馬遜搶走的份額就更不用說了。亞馬遜現在不僅銷售圖書(以及其他幾乎一切商品),還出版圖書。
That still leaves the question of whether the deal is a good one for Bertelsmann. The price was heftier than even ViacomCBS expected. Covid-19 initially hurt book sales, as it did other discretionary spending. 「The first five weeks [of the pandemic] were very tough,」 admits Brian Murray, chief executive of HarperCollins.
但仍然有個問題——這對貝塔斯曼而言是否算一宗好交易。它的出價甚至比ViacomCBS期望的還要高。和其他非必要消費品一樣,圖書的銷售最初也受到了新冠疫情的打擊。「(疫情的)頭五周非常艱難。」 哈珀·柯林斯的執行長布萊恩·默裡(Brian Murray)承認。
But with their pantries full, self-isolators turned to fiction for escapism and edification. 「People are always predicting the decline of book publishing, but it has actually been very resilient,」 says David Steinberger, chief executive of Arcadia Publishing, a publisher of history books.
但隨著隔離在家的人們囤足了食品,他們又轉向小說以逃避現實和尋求啟迪。「人們一直預測圖書出版會走下坡路,但它實際上卻很堅韌。」歷史書籍出版商阿卡迪亞出版公司(Arcadia Publishing)的執行長戴維·斯坦伯格(David Steinberger)說。
And Simon & Schuster is a prestigious prize. It was originally set up in 1924 to publish crosswords, but went on to represent Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Tom Wolfe. This year it made waves with the publication of 「Rage」, a ferocious account of Donald Trump’s White House by Bob Woodward, a far-famed journalist, as well as a tell-all memoir by the president’s niece, a psychologist.
而西蒙與舒斯特這個競逐目標享有盛名。這家公司成立於1924年,最初的業務是出版填字遊戲,後來出版了歐內斯特·海明威、斯科特·菲茨傑拉德和湯姆·沃爾夫的作品。今年它出版了著名記者鮑勃·伍德沃德(Bob Woodward)激烈展現川普主政的白宮的《憤怒》(Rage)和川普的心理學家侄女所寫的爆料回憶錄,引起轟動。
Nabbing Simon & Schuster is Bertelsmann’s second coup in the space of a week. On November 17th American and Canadian readers set a record for first-day sales, snapping up 890,000 copies of a new memoir by Mrs Obama’s husband, also published by a PRH subsidiary.
拿下西蒙與舒斯特是貝塔斯曼在一周內的第二場勝利。11月17日,在美國和加拿大讀者的搶購下,歐巴馬的最新回憶錄單日售出89萬本,創下了圖書首發日銷量新高。這本書同樣由企鵝蘭登的子公司出版。
讀這篇文章,非常重要的是回答兩個問題?
第一,這裡面提到的這些公司名稱,彼此之間究竟是個什麼關係?
第二,作者在文章中究竟討論了哪些話題?
回答第一個問題,需要我們仔細梳理文章提到的公司之間的關係,這集中在第一段。為了不讓讀者混淆,作者在第一段進行了詳細的介紹。大家一定要把握住文章的主體,即被收購一方是Simon & Schuster,收購一方則是Bertelsmann。
回答第二個問題,需要我們拆解對段落和段落之間的關係。
第三、四段是一個話題,討論的是壟斷問題,其邏輯脈絡是:第一,人們擔心,擴張後的企鵝蘭登可能會日益主導圖書分銷。第二,有人認為,貝塔斯曼的這宗收購將驚動反壟斷機構。第三,貝塔斯曼自己認為,美國和其他國家的監管機構會支持這宗收購。
第五、六、七段是一個話題,討論的是收購好處問題,其引起討論的中心句就是第五段的第一句:但仍然有個問題——這對貝塔斯曼而言是否算一宗好交易。這個話題的討論邏輯脈絡是:第一,人們轉向小說以逃避現實和尋求啟迪。第二,西蒙與舒斯特這個競逐目標享有盛名。其暗含作者的態度是,這對貝塔斯曼而言算一宗好交易。
把握住了第一個問題,我們就能找準主體,不至於思維混亂;把握住了第二個問題,我們就能提綱挈領,對文章的內容和作者的態度理解地更加深刻。
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