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Study: Bad Marriage, Bad Health
研究：糟糕的婚姻關係有害健康
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
你正在收聽的是美國之音英語學習節目，這裡是健康和生活方式報告。
Traditional wedding vows often include the promise to be by your spouse's side "in sickness and in health, 'til death do you part." Or something similar. Well, if you are in a bad marriage, the death part may come sooner than expected.
傳統的結婚誓言往往包括承諾「無論疾病還是健康，都永不分離」都陪在你的配偶身邊。或者類似的誓言。好吧，如果你婚姻不幸，那麼死神可能比預期要來得早。
A new study finds that a stressful marriage may be unhealthy, especially for men. In fact, for some people it may be as bad as smoking.
一項新的研究發現，緊張的婚姻關係可能不利於健康，對男性來說尤其如此。事實上，對某些人來說，不幸的婚姻可能和吸菸的有害程度一樣。
But other studies say marriage helps us live longer.
This finding seems to be opposite of many other studies that say marriage improves health. For example, one British study found that being married improved a person's chances of surviving a heart attack. The researchers said married people had shorter hospital stays.
這一發現似乎與稱婚姻改善健康的研究相反。例如，一項英國研究發現，結婚改善了一個人心臟病發的機率。研究人員稱，已婚人士住院時間較短。
And experts at Harvard Medical School write on their website that married people:
* live longer
更長壽
* have fewer strokes and heart attacks
中風和心臟病發次數較少
* have a lower chance of becoming depressed
變得沮喪的機率更低
* are less likely to have advanced cancer at the time of diagnosis and more likely to survive cancer for a longer period of time and survive a major operation more often.
診斷時是癌症晚期的可能性小一些，（哪怕）在患癌的情況下，更有可能活得更久，也往往更容易在大手術中倖存下來。
One way to make sense of conflicting findings about marriage is to consider the quality of the relationship. Do the partners support each other, or do they give each other long-term, chronic stress?
要搞清關於婚姻的發現的衝突，有一個辦法，就是考慮婚姻關係的質量。配偶間是互相支持，還是長期相互間給與對方不斷的壓力？
To find out how bad a stressful marriage is on health, researchers at two universities in the United States -- the University of Nevada, Reno and the University of Michigan -- teamed up. They followed 373 couples for 16 years.
為了弄清緊張的婚姻對健康到底有多大的壞處，美國兩所大學的研究員合作進行，（兩所大學為）內華達大學雷諾分校與密西根大學。他們用了16年的時間追蹤了337對夫婦（的婚姻狀況）。
The researchers wanted to know if often conflicting over certain topics affected a person's health in a negative way. These topics included such things as children, money, in-laws and recreational activities.
研究人員想知道，在某些話題上經常發生衝突是否會對一個人的健康產生負面影響。這些話題包括諸如孩子、錢、姻親和娛樂活動之類的事項。
They found a conflict-filled relationship harms the body in many ways. People in a stressful relationship can have damaging inflammation, extreme changes in appetite and increased levels of stress hormones. All these conditions can negatively affect many systems -- from heart function to how the body is able to fight diseases.
他們發現，衝突不斷的婚姻關係在很多方面對身體產生傷害。身處緊張關係中的人，會（面臨）患破壞性的炎症、食慾產生極端變化、應激激素（壓力荷爾蒙）水上上升等問題。所有這些情況，會對身體系統從心臟功能到疾病抵抗能力產生負面影響。
The researchers also found that a bad marriage was harder on men's health than on women's.
研究人員還發現，比起對女性的健康的影響，糟糕的婚姻對男性的的健康影響更嚴重。
A key to a good marriage is communication
美滿婚姻的關鍵在於溝通
A good marriage is not without arguments, stress and disagreements. What seems to matter most is how a couple speaks to each other. How do they handle their differences? How do they resolve an argument?
美滿的婚姻不代表就沒有爭論、壓力和分歧，最重要的是夫婦間如何交談，以及他們如何處理他們之間的分歧？如何解決爭論？
One of the lead researchers is Rosie Shrout with the University of Nevada, Reno. In an interview with The Guardian, Shrout says, "Conflict can be particularly damaging for health if spouses are hostile or defensive during disagreements." She adds that arguing about the same topic over and over again without finding a solution can also damage a person's health.
內華達大學雷諾分校的羅西·喬舒亞是首席研究員之一。喬舒亞在接受《衛報》採訪時表示：「如果配偶在爭論期間，彼此懷有敵意或防禦意識，這樣的衝突對健康尤為有害。」她補充到，一遍又一遍地爭論同樣的話題，而不找出解決的辦法也會損害一個人的健康。
Shrout also spoke with The Guardian about the health benefits of marriage. She said the act of getting married does not make people healthier. Instead, she said, the support married people give each other can help them stay healthier, heal faster, and have better mental well-being.
喬舒亞還對《衛報》談到了婚姻對健康的益處。她說：結婚的行為並不會讓一個人更健康，而是已婚人士給予彼此的支持可以有助於他們更健康、康復更快，心理也更健康。
Tips for keeping your relationship healthy
保持良好婚姻關係的秘訣
On the website Women's Health, relationship experts and happy couples give their tips on how to keep a relationship healthy. Here are a few.
在《女性健康》網站上，情感專家和恩愛夫妻給出了他們關於如何保持良好關係的幾個貼士。以下有幾點。
Stop keeping score. A healthy relationship is not about winning and losing. In the bigger picture, who made the most money or who emptied the dishwasher last is not important.
不要計較。良好的關係不在於誰輸誰贏。從大局來看，誰賺的錢多或者誰上次把洗碗機的盤子清出來都不重要。
Touch more. It does not have to be sexual touching. Simply holding hands can create stronger feelings between people. But now that we're on the subject, relationship experts claim that having sex more does help a couple stay close.
多一些愛撫。不一定是性接觸。簡單的牽手可以相互之間感情升溫。不過我們現在也要談談這個話題了，情感專家稱，更多的性生活可以讓一對夫婦保持親密。
Accept your in-laws. No family is perfect. Experts warn against complaining about your partner's family or trying to change them. Having a sense of humor is often the best approach.
接受你的姻親。家家有本難念的經。專家告誡道，不要抱怨對方的家人或者試圖改變他們。有幽默感往往是最佳的方法。
Turn off social media, stop texting, hide your phone and just hang out. Turning off social media and technology gives a couple the space to just be themselves. Playing a game, cooking a meal or taking a walk allows a couple to have simple fun together.
關掉社交媒體，停止發簡訊，將你的手機藏起來，然後出去消遣。關掉社交媒體和科技產品，會給夫妻們提供做回自己的空間。玩遊戲、做飯或散步，讓夫妻可以在一起享受簡單的樂趣。
Learn how to fight fairly. Even couples in healthy relationships disagree. A relationship expert suggests that understanding how the other person deals with conflict can help a marriage in a big way. And don't be afraid of losing a fight. Remember the earlier tip about not keeping score.
學會如何公平地爭論。即使再和諧的關係也會有意見不一致的情況。一位情感專家建議，了解如何處理衝突可以有助於徹底的拯救你的婚姻。不要害怕在爭論中失敗。記住前面關於不要計較的那條貼士。
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.
來源：VOA
翻譯：小e英語 Jewel
責編：Rua