利用Cas9切割人胚胎基因組可去除等位基因特異的染色體
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/10/31 20:44:39
美國哥倫比亞大學Dieter Egli小組的最新研究發現,在人類胚胎中利用Cas9切割可去除等位基因特異的染色體。這一研究成果在線發表在2020年10月29日的《細胞》雜誌上。
研究人員探究了在父系染色體EYS位點上引入Cas9誘導雙鏈斷裂(DSB)的修復結果,該染色體攜帶的移碼突變可導致失明。研究顯示最常見的修復結果是微同源介導的末端連接,這發生在胚胎的第一個細胞周期中,其誘導胚胎閱讀框的非鑲嵌式恢復。
值得注意的是,大約一半的雙鏈斷裂並未得到修復,這導致無法檢測到父系等位基因,並且誘導有絲分裂後一個或兩個染色體臂的丟失。相應地,由於Cas9切割兩個等位基因,因此Cas9脫靶切割會引起染色體丟失和半合插入缺失。
這些結果說明了可以對染色體構成進行人為幹預,但同時證明了對人胚胎突變校正具有一定挑戰性。
據介紹,糾正人胚胎中的致病突變可減輕遺傳疾病的危害並改善對具有致病突變夫婦選擇替代胚胎的潛力。
附:英文原文
Title: Allele-Specific Chromosome Removal after Cas9 Cleavage in Human Embryos
Author: Michael V. Zuccaro, Jia Xu, Carl Mitchell, Diego Marin, Raymond Zimmerman, Bhavini Rana, Everett Weinstein, Rebeca T. King, Katherine L. Palmerola, Morgan E. Smith, Stephen H. Tsang, Robin Goland, Maria Jasin, Rogerio Lobo, Nathan Treff, Dieter Egli
Issue&Volume: 2020-10-29
Abstract: Correction of disease-causing mutations in human embryos holds the potential to reducethe burden of inherited genetic disorders and improve fertility treatments for coupleswith disease-causing mutations in lieu of embryo selection. Here, we evaluate repairoutcomes of a Cas9-induced double-strand break (DSB) introduced on the paternal chromosomeat the EYS locus, which carries a frameshift mutation causing blindness. We show that the mostcommon repair outcome is microhomology-mediated end joining, which occurs during thefirst cell cycle in the zygote, leading to embryos with non-mosaic restoration ofthe reading frame. Notably, about half of the breaks remain unrepaired, resultingin an undetectable paternal allele and, after mitosis, loss of one or both chromosomalarms. Correspondingly, Cas9 off-target cleavage results in chromosomal losses andhemizygous indels because of cleavage of both alleles. These results demonstrate theability to manipulate chromosome content and reveal significant challenges for mutationcorrection in human embryos.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.025
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31389-1
Cell:《細胞》,創刊於1974年。隸屬於細胞出版社,最新IF:36.216