本文經「校對標準」公眾號授權轉載
查《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第7版可知:propaganda 為貶義詞,指為達到某種目的而進行的非客觀宣傳;publicity 為中性詞,指為使公眾了解情況而進行的客觀宣傳。我們注意到,「中共中央宣傳部」的英譯,已由「Propaganda Department, CPC Central Commitee」改為「Publicity Department, CPC Central Commitee」,《英文報刊中文專有名詞譯法通則》提供的譯法是「Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee」。
《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》第7版:
-
維基百科:
The Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, or CCPPD, is an internal division of the Communist Party of China in charge of ideology-related work, as well as its information dissemination system.It is not formally considered to be part of the Government of the People's Republic of China, but enforces media censorship and control in the People's Republic of China.
Name
The CCPPD has several Chinese names with various different English translations, it is officially the Zhōngguó Gòngchăndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Xuānchuánbù "Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Propaganda Department" or Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Xuānchuánbù "Chinese Communist Party Central Propaganda Department" or "Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China", colloquially abbreviated as the Zhōnggòng Xuānchuánbù "Chinese Communist Party Propaganda Department" or "Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China", or simply Zhōngxuānbù 中宣部.
The term xuanchuan (宣傳 "propaganda; publicity") can have either a neutral connotation in official government contexts or a pejorative connotation in informal contexts.[5] Some xuanchuan collocations usually refer to "propaganda" (e.g., xuānchuánzhàn 宣傳戰 "propaganda war"), others to "publicity" (xuānchuán méijiè 宣傳媒介 "mass media; means of publicity"), and still others are ambiguous (xuānchuányuán 宣傳員 "propagandist; publicist").[6]
The Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Xuānchuán Bù changed its official English name from "Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China" to "Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China".[7] As China’s involvement in world affairs grew in the 1990s, the CCP became sensitive to the negative connotations of the English translation propaganda for xuanchuan.[8] Official replacement translations include publicity, information, and political communication[9] When Ding Guan'gen traveled abroad on official visits, he was known as the Minister of Information.[10]
-
Propaganda還是Publicity
——關於「宣傳」的英譯
佚 名
在政府新聞裡,「宣傳」是一個熱門詞彙。為了使外國人更好地了解當地的情況,黨和政府十分重視對本地的對外宣傳工作,而在這些宣傳資料裡,到處可見「宣傳」的字眼。
為了傳達黨和國家的政策,黨在各級黨團組織中都設有宣傳部;為了宣傳自己的產品,各個企業也有自己的宣傳部門;而在學校的每個班級中,也都設有宣傳委員。俯拾皆是的「宣傳」這一詞彙,究竟怎樣翻譯才比較合適呢?
「宣傳」是我們國家政府部門用得比較多的一個詞彙,但翻譯成英文時往往會誤用。「宣傳」對應的英文可以是「propaganda」和「publicity」。
「propaganda」的意思指的是:可能是虛假或誇張的想法或說法,以及用來為一個政治領導人或政黨獲取支持或影響民意的想法或說法,是一個貶義詞。例如:
這類廣告製作只不過是一些宣傳而已。
This kind of advertising is nothing but propaganda.
「publicity」是指「媒體給予的關注」,即「宣傳報導」,也可以表示「引起公眾關注的事業或事情」,即「宣傳工作」,是一個中性詞。例如:
這個案件已在這個國家引起了大量的宣傳(報導)。
The case has generated enormous publicity in this country.
一部新電影的露面,總是伴隨著大量的宣傳。
The appearance of a new film will always be accompanied with a lot of publicity.
早些年,與「宣傳」對應的英文單詞一般都是 「propaganda」。近年來,很多專家學者指出這個詞含有貶義。現在,在翻譯「宣傳」的時候,國內各種媒體已經儘量避免採用「propaganda」一詞。
「中共中央宣傳部」比較早的譯法是「the Propaganda Department, CCCPC」。但在《新時代漢英大辭典》(商務印書館2000年第一版)中,「中共中央宣傳部」已經改譯成了「the Publicity Department, CCCPC」。而在由國務院新聞辦公室策劃,外交部、外文局、新華社、中國日報社、中央編譯局等單位編譯的《漢英外事工作常用詞彙》中,「中共中央宣傳部」的「宣傳」一詞也已經改譯為「publicity」。
現在,國內的翻譯界大多數已經傾向於將「宣傳」翻譯為「publicity」。那麼,英美國家的人士對 「propaganda」和「publicity」又是怎麼看的呢?英美人士看到「propaganda」時首先會聯想到政治宣傳。從西方對中國宣傳機構的偏見來看,在他們眼裡,中國的宣傳部就該叫作「propaganda department」。美國媒體對「propaganda」的看法是負面的,在表達中性意義時它們一般採用「publicity」一詞。
因此,為了宣傳的需要,「宣傳部」一詞的翻譯建議不再使用「propaganda」,而使用「publicity」。
當然,一看到「宣傳」兩字就翻譯成「publicity」,同樣也不可取。因為翻譯講究隨機應變、靈活處理,切不可「認死一個理」。舉例來說:「對外宣傳」可以翻譯成 「international communication」;而帶有濃厚政治色彩的「宣傳」仍然可以對應於英語的「propaganda」;「商業宣傳」既可以翻成「publicity」,也可以翻譯成「promotion」和「advertising」等;「宣傳活動」一般可以翻譯成英語的「publicity campaign」;「宣傳欄」的英語可以是「billboard」或「announcement board」等;學校班級裡的「宣傳委員」,可以翻成「commissary (student)in charge of publicity」。