卡馬替尼治療MET外顯子14突變或MET擴增的非小細胞肺癌療效顯著
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/4 20:08:57
德國科隆大學醫院Jürgen Wolf團隊研究了卡馬替尼治療MET外顯子14跳躍突變或MET擴增的非小細胞肺癌的效果。2020年9月3日,《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》發表了該項成果。
在非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中,MET外顯子14跳躍突變發生率為3-4%,而MET擴增發生率為1-6%。卡馬替尼是MET受體的選擇性抑制劑,已在各種MET激活類型的癌症模型中顯示出抗腫瘤活性。
研究組進行了一項多隊列、臨床2期研究,招募了364名MET失調的晚期NSCLC患者。根據既往治療方案和MET狀態對患者進行分組,所有患者接受卡馬替尼治療。主要終點是總體緩解率,關鍵次要終點是緩解持續時間。
對於MET外顯子14跳躍突變的NSCLC患者,先前接受過一線或二線治療的69名患者中有41%、未接受過治療的28名患者中有68%獲得總體緩解,中位緩解持續時間分別為9.7個月和12.6個月。對於先前接受過治療的MET擴增、且基因拷貝數少於10的患者,治療效果有限。對於MET擴增且基因拷貝數在10以上的患者,先前接受過治療的患者中有29%、未接受過治療的患者中有40%獲得總體緩解。最常見的不良反應為外周水腫和噁心,發生率分別為51%和45%,但均為1級或2級。
總之,卡馬替尼治療患有MET外顯子14跳躍突變的晚期NSCLC患者顯示出明顯的抗腫瘤活性,尤其是先前未接受治療的患者。對於MET擴增的晚期NSCLC患者,基因拷貝數高的患者獲益更高。
附:英文原文
Title: Capmatinib in MET Exon 14–Mutated or MET-Amplified Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Author: Jürgen Wolf, M.D.,, Takashi Seto, M.D.,, Ji-Youn Han, M.D., Ph.D.,, Noemi Reguart, M.D., Ph.D.,, Edward B. Garon, M.D.,, Harry J.M. Groen, M.D., Ph.D.,, Daniel S.W. Tan, M.D., Ph.D.,, Toyoaki Hida, M.D., Ph.D.,, Maja de Jonge, M.D., Ph.D.,, Sergey V. Orlov, M.D.,, Egbert F. Smit, M.D., Ph.D.,, Pierre-Jean Souquet, M.D.,, Johan Vansteenkiste, M.D., Ph.D.,, Maximilian Hochmair, M.D.,, Enriqueta Felip, M.D., Ph.D.,, Makoto Nishio, M.D., Ph.D.,, Michael Thomas, M.D.,, Kadoaki Ohashi, M.D., Ph.D.,, Ryo Toyozawa, M.D., Ph.D.,, Tobias R. Overbeck, M.D.,, Filippo de Marinis, M.D., Ph.D.,, Tae-Min Kim, M.D., Ph.D.,, Eckart Laack, M.D.,, Anna Robeva, M.S.,, Sylvie Le Mouhaer, M.Sc.,, Maeve Waldron-Lynch, M.D.,, Banu Sankaran, Ph.D.,, O. Alejandro Balbin, Ph.D.,, Xiaoming Cui, Ph.D.,, Monica Giovannini, M.D.,, Mikhail Akimov, M.D., Ph.D.,, and Rebecca S. Heist, M.D., M.P.H.
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-02
Abstract: Background
Among patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), MET exon 14 skipping mutations occur in 3 to 4% and MET amplifications occur in 1 to 6%. Capmatinib, a selective inhibitor of the MET receptor, has shown activity in cancer models with various types of MET activation.
Methods
We conducted a multiple-cohort, phase 2 study evaluating capmatinib in patients with MET-dysregulated advanced NSCLC. Patients were assigned to cohorts on the basis of previous lines of therapy and MET status (MET exon 14 skipping mutation or MET amplification according to gene copy number in tumor tissue). Patients received capmatinib (400-mg tablet) twice daily. The primary end point was overall response (complete or partial response), and the key secondary end point was response duration; both end points were assessed by an independent review committee whose members were unaware of the cohort assignments.
Results
A total of 364 patients were assigned to the cohorts. Among patients with NSCLC with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, overall response was observed in 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29 to 53) of 69 patients who had received one or two lines of therapy previously and in 68% (95% CI, 48 to 84) of 28 patients who had not received treatment previously; the median duration of response was 9.7 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 13.0) and 12.6 months (95% CI, 5.6 to could not be estimated), respectively. Limited efficacy was observed in previously treated patients with MET amplification who had a gene copy number of less than 10 (overall response in 7 to 12% of patients). Among patients with MET amplification and a gene copy number of 10 or higher, overall response was observed in 29% (95% CI, 19 to 41) of previously treated patients and in 40% (95% CI, 16 to 68) of those who had not received treatment previously. The most frequently reported adverse events were peripheral edema (in 51%) and nausea (in 45%); these events were mostly of grade 1 or 2.
Conclusions
Capmatinib showed substantial antitumor activity in patients with advanced NSCLC with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation, particularly in those not treated previously. The efficacy in MET-amplified advanced NSCLC was higher in tumors with a high gene copy number than in those with a low gene copy number. Low-grade peripheral edema and nausea were the main toxic effects.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002787
Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2002787