單細胞測序揭示肺泡中毛細血管類型的分化
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/10/17 22:46:16
美國史丹福大學醫學院Ross J. Metzger、Mark A. Krasnow等研究人員合作揭示肺泡中毛細血管類型的分化。相關論文於2020年10月14日在線發表在《自然》雜誌上。
研究人員使用單細胞分析來闡明了肺泡毛細血管內皮細胞的細胞類型、發育、更新和進化。研究人員發現，肺泡毛細血管是呈馬賽克狀的；與沿肺泡排列的上皮相似，肺泡內皮由兩種混合的細胞類型組成，具有複雜的「瑞士奶酪」樣的形態和獨特的功能。
第一種細胞類型，被稱為「aerocyte」，專門用於氣體交換和白細胞運輸，並且是肺部特有的。另一種稱為gCap（「普通」毛細血管）的細胞類型專門用於調節血管舒縮張力，並在毛細血管穩態和修復中起幹/祖細胞的作用。兩種細胞從雙能祖細胞發育而來，逐漸成熟，並且在疾病和衰老過程中受到不同的影響。
這種細胞類型的特化在小鼠和人的肺之間是保守的，但是在鱷魚肺或烏龜肺中卻沒有發現，這表明它是在哺乳動物肺的進化過程中出現的。肺泡毛細血管中細胞類型特化的發現改變了人們對健康、疾病和進化中氣血屏障和氣體交換的結構、功能、調節和維持等方面的了解。
據介紹，在哺乳動物的肺中，每個肺泡周圍都圍繞著看似均勻的毛細血管網，形成了廣闊的呼吸表面，氧氣通過該呼吸表面轉移到血液中。
附：英文原文
Title: Capillary cell-type specialization in the alveolus
Author: Astrid Gillich, Fan Zhang, Colleen G. Farmer, Kyle J. Travaglini, Serena Y. Tan, Mingxia Gu, Bin Zhou, Jeffrey A. Feinstein, Mark A. Krasnow, Ross J. Metzger
Issue&Volume: 2020-10-14
Abstract: In the mammalian lung, an apparently homogenous mesh of capillary vessels surrounds each alveolus, forming the vast respiratory surface across which oxygen transfers to the blood1. Here we use single-cell analysis to elucidate the cell types, development, renewal and evolution of the alveolar capillary endothelium. We show that alveolar capillaries are mosaics; similar to the epithelium that lines the alveolus, the alveolar endothelium is made up of two intermingled cell types, with complex 『Swiss-cheese』-like morphologies and distinct functions. The first cell type, which we term the 『aerocyte』, is specialized for gas exchange and the trafficking of leukocytes, and is unique to the lung. The other cell type, termed gCap (『general』 capillary), is specialized to regulate vasomotor tone, and functions as a stem/progenitor cell in capillary homeostasis and repair. The two cell types develop from bipotent progenitors, mature gradually and are affected differently in disease and during ageing. This cell-type specialization is conserved between mouse and human lungs but is not found in alligator or turtle lungs, suggesting it arose during the evolution of the mammalian lung. The discovery of cell type specialization in alveolar capillaries transforms our understanding of the structure, function, regulation and maintenance of the air–blood barrier and gas exchange in health, disease and evolution.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2822-7
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2822-7