3月13日,中國科學院上海生命科學研究院神經科學研究所和神經科學國家重點實驗室的羅振革研究組在國際學術期刊Developmental Cell 在線發表了關於突觸形成精細化分子機制的研究成果,論文題目是Caspase-3 Cleavage of Dishevelled Induces Elimination of Postsynaptic Structures。該項研究是在羅振革研究員指導下,由博士研究生王晉元和陳飛等人完成的。
在神經發育的早期,往往形成冗餘的錯誤突觸連接。隨著發育的進程,這些錯誤的連接大多被消除,該過程對於神經環路和神經網絡的精細化至關重要。利用神經肌肉接頭(Neuromuscular Junction, NMJ)為模型,羅振革實驗室對該問題進行了深入研究。以往的研究表明來自運動神經元的聚集素(agrin)和神經遞質乙醯膽鹼(ACh)分別作為突觸穩定因子和消散因子來發揮作用,但二者如何相互拮抗尚不清楚。在該項工作中,他們發現細胞凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3在NMJ的突觸後乙醯膽鹼受體(AChR)的聚集體(cluster)消散過程中發揮重要作用。首先,他們發現膽鹼能激動劑能夠引起肌肉細胞Caspase-3的局部激活,但不足以引起細胞凋亡,聚集素則抑制Caspase-3。進而,發現抑制或下調Caspase-3在培養細胞或小鼠中能穩定AChR聚集體。有趣的是,他們發現Wnt信號系統的重要蛋白Dishevelled(Dvl)是Caspase-3的底物,阻斷Dishevelled的剪切也能穩定突觸結構。進一步,他們發現聚集素通過熱休克蛋白90(HSP90)來抑制Caspase-3,從而穩定突觸結構。該項研究揭示了Caspase-3在神經發育過程中的新功能,對神經連接的精細化調控分子機理的了解有重要意義。
該工作受到國家自然科學基金委和科技部重大科學研究計劃等項目的資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Developmental Cell doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2014.02.009
Caspase-3 Cleavage of Dishevelled Induces Elimination of Postsynaptic Structures
Jin-Yuan Wang, Fei Chen, Xiu-Qing Fu, Chuang-Shi Ding, Li Zhou, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Zhen-Ge Luo
During the development of vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), agrin stabilizes, whereas acetylcholine (ACh) destabilizes AChR clusters, leading to the refinement of synaptic connections. The intracellular mechanism underlying this counteractive interaction remains elusive. Here, we show that caspase-3, the effector protease involved in apoptosis, mediates elimination of AChR clusters. We found that caspase-3 was activated by cholinergic stimulation of cultured muscle cells without inducing cell apoptosis and that this activation was prevented by agrin. Interestingly, inhibition of caspase-3 attenuated ACh agonist-induced dispersion of AChR clusters. Furthermore, we identified Dishevelled1 (Dvl1), a Wnt signaling protein involved in AChR clustering, as the substrate of caspase-3. Blocking Dvl1 cleavage prevented induced dispersion of AChR clusters. Finally, inhibition or genetic ablation of caspase-3 or expression of a caspase-3-resistant form of Dvl1 caused stabilization of aneural AChR clusters. Thus, caspase-3 plays an important role in the elimination of postsynaptic structures during the development of NMJs.