4月7日下午，由國家外國專家局、廣東省外國專家局和我校聯合主辦的中山大學諾貝爾大師系列講壇第十五講在我校南校園懷士堂舉行。2015年諾貝爾物理學獎獲得者、東京大學宇宙射線研究所主任梶田隆章教授做了題為「從中微子到引力波」的講座。
On the afternoon of April 7, 2017, the 15th Session of Nobel Laureates Series Lectures at Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), organized by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, the Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of Guangdong Province, and Sun Yat-sen University, was held in Swasey Hall on South Campus. Prof. Takaaki Kajita, the 2015 Nobel Laureate in Physics, the director of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research at University of Tokyo, gave a lecture entitled 「From Neutrinos to Gravitational Waves」.
講座開始前，羅俊校長會面了梶田隆章教授，並對學校的發展狀況作了介紹。除羅校長外，陪同會面的還有廣東省外國專家局李迪雲處長、我校國際合作與交流處古文力副處長、物理學院姚道新副院長以及物理學院王為教授等。講座由王為教授主持。國家外國專家局專門發來賀信，由廣東省外國專家局李迪雲處長代為宣讀。我校師生共計300餘人到場聆聽。
A courtesy meeting between President of Sun Yat-sen University Prof. Jun LUO and Prof. Takaaki Kajita was held before the lecture. In the meantime, the President LUO introduced Prof. Kajita the global information of the Sun Yat-sen University. In Addition, Mr. Diyun LI, Director of the Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of Guangdong Province, Ms. Wenli GU, Deputy Director of Office of International Exchange and Cooperation at SYSU, Prof. Daoxin YAO, Deputy Dean of School of Physics at SYSU and Prof. Wei WANG from the School of Physics at SYSU and others were also the receptionists for the meeting. The lecture was hosted by Prof. Wei WANG. The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs sent a congratulatory telegram, which was read by Director Diyun LI. About 300 faculty and students from the Sun Yat-sen University attended the lecture.
羅俊校長會見梶田隆章教授
攝影： 肖遙、劉嘉
在一小時的講座中，梶田隆章教授從位於日本神岡的實驗項目出發介紹中微子振蕩的相關物理知識。這一項目最初旨在探測質子衰變。儘管該項目的最初目標並沒有實現，但神岡探測器卻可以接收到來自太陽的中微子。為了更好地解釋困擾科學家已久的太陽中微子缺失問題，神岡探測器升級版—「超級神岡」很快就被建造出來了。1998年，超級神岡實驗的科學團隊發表了測量結果，給出了中微子振蕩的首個確鑿的證據，也因此解決了太陽中微子缺失問題。換句話說，超級神岡實驗證明了，中微子的「味」在傳播過程中是可以發生轉換的。這一實驗結果需要中微子本身具有質量。這是人類史上第一次發現標準模型之外的新物理，這一結果證明了中微子並不如標準模型預言一樣是零質量的。梶田教授在詳細地介紹了他在超級神岡實驗的工作之後，還展望了中微子物理的未來。他特別指出，中山大學物理學院所參與的江門中微子實驗將於不久的將來在國際中微子實驗的舞臺上大放異彩。
During the one hour lecture, Prof. Kajita introduced the physics knowledge for the "Kamiokande" Observatory, which was designed to search for proton decay. Although the original goal was not realized, the solar neutrinos can be detected by the detector. For the at that time well-known solar neutrino problem, following Observatory 「Super-Kamiokande」 was designed and built. 1998, the Super-Kamiokande detected strong evidence of neutrino oscillation that successfully explained the solar neutrino problem. In other words, Super-Kamiokande proved that the flavor of neutrinos can be changed in the flight. This result showed that the neutrinos have mass. This is the first time in the whole human history, that the new physics beyond the Standard Model was found. Neutrinos are not massless as the Standard Model predicted. After the introduction of his work for Super-Kamiokande, Prof. Kajita made an outlook for neutrino physics. He pointed out especially, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which SYSU participates, will become one of the most important observatory for neutrino physics all over the world.
梶田隆章教授以「從中微子到引力波」為題，做客中山大學諾貝爾大師講壇
攝影： 肖遙、劉嘉
梶田教授經過20多年中微子物理方面的研究之後，決定同時投身於同樣極具挑戰引力波的研究當中。在本次講座中，梶田教授生動地為我們講授了與引力波相關的物理知識，以及介紹了目前國際上最前沿的引力波研究項目。其中梶田隆章重點介紹了由日本主導，利用神岡地下實驗室設施，並採用低溫雷射幹涉技術的KAGRA引力波實驗。他還指出，現有的任意一個引力波實驗項目的探測範圍都難以完全覆蓋全球。也就是說，未來的引力波實驗極其倚賴全球不同合作組間的合作與信息交流。緊接著梶田教授拋磚引玉，指出了未來的物理研究，將越來越依賴於國際間高校、科研機構之間的合作與交流。因此梶田隆章教授在講座的尾聲，衷心地呼籲與會師生積極投入到大科學的發展中去。在互動環節，羅校長與梶田教授就引力波研究進行了精彩的互動，與會師生也牢牢把握與大師交流的機會，踴躍提問，梶田教授一一耐心解答大家提出的問題，贏得了陣陣掌聲。
After research of neutrino physics for more than 20 years, Prof. Kajita decided to throw himself into the research of gravitational wave. During the lecture, Prof. Kajita made an introduction about the physics behind the gravitational wave and introduced the most leading-edge international projects for the research of gravitational wave. Especially, Prof. Kajita introduced the KAGRA experiment, which was leaded by Japanese institute and universities. KAGRA has two arms, which form a laser interferometric gravitational wave detector. It is built in the Kamioka Observatory (Kamiokande) near the neutrino physics experiments and need the cryogenic technologies. Prof. Kajita indicated that, there is not a project of the gravitational wave studies group currently, which can detect the global gravitational waves. In other words, the projects of the gravitational wave studies, as well as projects for other physics studies, more and more depend on international cooperation. Prof. Kajita appeal to faculty and students to join the science research. In the Q&A session, the faculty and students asked questions, and Prof. Kajita's answers won many applauds.
2015年的諾貝爾物理學獎授予了日本的梶田隆章和加拿大的Arthur B. McDonald，以表彰他們在發現存在中微子振蕩的工作中所作出的重大貢獻，而中微子振蕩證明了中微子具有質量。該發現改變了我們對構成物質世界的基本粒子的理解與認知，這對我們如何看待整個宇宙至關重要。
Prof. Takaaki Kajita has shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2015 with the Canadian Physicist Arthur B. McDonald for the discovery of the neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass. This discovery changed our understanding of the innermost workings of matter and can prove crucial to our view of the universe.
「諾貝爾大師系列講壇」是中山大學在國家外國專家局的 「與大師對話——諾貝爾獎獲得者中國校園行」項目支持下啟動的高水平系列講壇，已成為在國內外有較大影響力、受益面較廣、效益明顯的科技盛會。該項目自2008年啟動至今，已成功舉辦了15講，共邀請了化學、物理、醫學與生理學、經濟等領域的10餘位諾貝爾大師來校講學交流。
「Nobel Laureates Series Lectures」 at SYSU is the high-level forum series, which were supported by the project 「Dialogue with the Master--Nobel Prize Winner’s Lecture Tour on Chinese Campus」 and organized by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. It has become an education event with large influence and wide benefit area in China and abroad. Since the Series Lectures started, 15 lectures were held successfully. More than 10 Nobel Laureates in the field of chemistry, physics, medicine and physiology, economy etc. were invited to visit SYSU and give a lecture at SYSU.