So, I'm making this video for Mariano Garcia who subscribes to this YouTube channel and follows my weekly videos at englishpronunciationroadmap. com. And he posted a comment on one of my videos a couple of weeks ago on intonation and said, you know, 'great video, but which word in a sentence do I stress? '.
我正在為馬裡亞諾·加西亞製作這個視頻，他訂閱了這個 YouTube 頻道並且關注我在 englishpronunciationroadmap.com 上的每周視頻。幾個星期前，他在我的一個關於語調的視頻上發了一條評論，「視頻很棒，但是我應該在一個句子裡重讀哪個詞？」
He understands that content words versus structural words like grammatical words are more important and to stress so: verbs and nouns and adjectives. But in a typical sentence, is there anything I can do to help me know which word i should be putting most of the emphasis on?
他明白，實義詞與結構詞（如語法詞）相比更重要，所以要強調：動詞、名詞和形容詞。但是在一個典型的句子中，我能做些什麼來幫助我知道我應該把重點放在哪個詞上嗎？
And you know, I'm sure some of you that are watching this video now are sort of asking yourself the same question. You know, all of these rules about how to stress a syllable and how to stress a word which are quite useful, but when I got a sentence or a question or a comment or statement or exclamation which word in that sentence or that phrase should I stress?
我相信現在正在看這個視頻的一些人正在問自己同樣的問題。所有這些關於如何重讀音節以及如何重讀單詞的規則都是非常有用的，但是當我遇到一個句子，一個問題，一個評論，一個陳述，或者是感嘆句的時候我應該重讀這個句子或者這個短語中的哪個單詞呢？
And there are scores and scores of ideas about this and how you should do it in English and in British English. Um, I guess a really simple and straightforward way of thinking about it would be to ask which word in your phrase or in your sentence carries the most important bit of information.
關於這一點和關於在英語和英式英語中如何重讀，有很多種方法。我想一個非常簡單直接的方法是，你要問自己，這個短語或句子中哪個詞包含了最重要的信息。
And of course, that can change depending on the circumstances in which are talking, depending on the person you're talking to, depending on the content of your conversation. So, it's a very flexible thing and I guess, requires you to be really specific about what you want the listener to take away: what's the most important piece of information.
當然，這也會隨著談話環境的不同而變化，也會隨著談話對象的不同而變化，也會隨著談話內容的不同而變化。所以，這是一個非常靈活的事情，我猜，需要你非常具體地告訴聽眾你想讓他們了解什麼：什麼是最重要的信息。
And so, if you have a look at this question: "did you know that she crashed the car?" just listen to the way in which the meaning of this sentence changes when I stress a different word in the question. So, have a listen to this: "DID you know that she crashed the car?" questions whether the other person knew about the event at all.
看一下這個問題：你知道她撞車了嗎？聽一聽當我改變這個問題中重讀單詞，這個問題的意思是怎樣變化的：來聽一聽吧：「你知道她撞車了【嗎】？」質疑對方是否知道這件事。
"Did YOU know that she crashed the car?" questions in a sort of accusatory way as to whether the other person knew. "Did you KNOW that she crashed the car?" questions whether the other person knew for certain.
「【你】知道她撞車了嗎？」以一種指責的方式詢問對方是否知道。「你【知道】她撞車了嗎？」質疑對方是否確實知道。
"Did you know that SHE crashed the car?" questions whether the other person is sure of who is responsible. "Did you know that she CRASHED the cars?" questions whether the other person knew the state of the car.
「你知道【她】撞車了嗎？」質疑對方是否確定誰是責任人。「你知道她【撞】車了嗎？」質疑對方是否知道車的狀況。
"Did you know that she crashed THE car?" questions whether the listener knows that it's the best one. "Did you know that she crashed the CAR?" questions whether the other person knew that it was the car that she crashed as opposed to something else.
「你知道她撞【那輛】車了嗎？」問聽眾是否知道這是最好的一輛。「你知道她撞【車】了嗎？」質疑對方是否知道她撞車的是那輛車，而不是別的什麼東西。
Another way to think about word stress in sentences is to think about tone units. Take a look at this sentence.
第二種理解句子中單詞重音的方法是理解一種叫做聲調單位的東西。看看這個句子。
You can see how the sentence is broken up into units with forward slashes. It's broken up into these little tone units or what I tend to refer to as phrases.
你可以看到這個句子是如何用斜線分割成單元的。它被分解成一些小的音調單位，或者我通常所說的短語。
And the main stressed word in each of those tone units or those phrases is often called the tonic syllable. And the word stress rule is that in a typical sentence it tends to be that the tonic syllable/the main stressed word in that unit tends to be the last content word in that sentence.
每個聲調單位或詞組中的主要重讀詞通常被稱為主音音節。單詞重音規則是，在一個音調單位中，在那個短語中，主音音節/那個短語中主要重讀的詞往往是最後一個實義詞。
And it certainly holds true in this little example, so have a listen to this: 'I was WONDERING/ whether you might be INTERESTED/in coming to a PLAY that I'm going to.
在這個例子裡是這樣的，我們來聽一下：「我【想知道】/你是否有【興趣】/來看我要去看的一出【戲】。
/It's at the ROYALl/ this coming FRIDAY. /It's about a GUY/ who loses EVERYTHING/ and DISCOVERS himself.
/這個【星期五】/在【皇家劇院】。/它是關於一個失去【一切】/的【男人】/【發現】自己的故事。
/It's got really great REVIEWS/ and I THOUGHT/ that we could go to that Italian PIZZA place/ close to the TUBE station. /Their DOUGH-balls/ are AMAZING! '
/它的【評價】非常好/，我【想】/我們可以去【地鐵】站附近的/義大利【披薩店】。他們的【麵包球】/【棒極了】！」
So, you can hear how it's the last content word in those phrases that tends to get the main stress or we would say that that's the main stressed word in that tone unit or in that phrase. And that might be another way of thinking about which word should I stress in my sentences.
所以，你可以聽到，最後一個實詞，在音調單位裡，或者在那個短語裡，它是如何在句子裡重讀的。所以，這可能是思考英語句子重音的另一種方式。
And just two extra things to think about that might be useful is to know that new information in a conversation is always worth stressing, so, for instance: "Have you read the new Dot Hutchison book? No, but have you read the new Matthew Norman book?".
另外還有兩件事需要考慮，這可能是有用的，那就是要知道對話中的新信息總是值得強調的，比如：「你讀過【多特·哈奇森】的新書嗎？沒有，那你讀過【馬修·諾曼】的新書嗎？」
So, the new piece of information and in that example it was the new author that gets the stress in the sentence because it's the new piece of information. And the same thing goes for contrasting information in an exchange.
例子當中的新信息是新作者的名字，所以它們在句子中是重讀的，因為它們是新的信息。在對話中表示對比信息也是一樣的。
So, for instance: "I haven't SEEN the new car but I've HEARD about it", "do you prefer ROSES or LILLIES?" So, one way of thinking about word stress in sentences is to think about which word carries the most importance, the most important information in what it is that you're saying, and that gets the most stress;
例如，「我沒【見過】這輛新車，但我【聽說】過」，「你更喜歡【玫瑰】還是【百合】？」所以，在句子中思考單詞重音的一種方式是思考哪個單詞在你說的內容中最重要，屬於最重要的信息，而這個詞的重音最大;
um, the second way is to think about these tone units and to think about the tonic syllable which tends to be the last content word in each phrase that you're using within the whole sentence; the third way is to think about new information, what new information comes up in your exchange in conversation;
第二種方法是思考這些聲調單位，思考主音音節，它往往是你在整個句子中使用的每個短語的最後一個實義詞；第三種方法是思考新的信息，在談話中，你的交流會產生什麼新的信息；
and the last thing is to think about contrasting information and how that helps both of you to understand how the conversation moves forward and how you interact with one another. So, Mariano, I hope you found that useful and everyone else, I hope you found that useful.
最後要考慮的是對比信息，以及這如何幫助你們理解對話是如何進行的，以及你們如何相互交流。那麼，馬裡亞諾，我希望你覺得有用，而其他人，我希望你們覺得有用。
Um, if you're watching this on youtube, and you're a subscriber, great. Um, you know, maybe go down, leave a thumb's up or thumb's down, make a comment.
如果你在油管上看到這個視頻，而且你是個訂閱用戶，那麼太好了。也許你可以繼續看，留下個贊或留個踩，再評論一下。
Who knows, I might make a video in response to one of your replies, but if you're not a subscriber, subscribe now. Um, I post weekly videos here so, hit subscribe and I can speak to you next week.
誰知道呢，沒準我會給其中一個留言的人做一期視頻，但如果你還沒有訂閱，馬上訂閱吧。我每周都會在這裡上傳視頻，所以，訂閱吧，這樣我就可以每周跟你們聊聊了。
Um, you may want to go over to my website englishpronunciationroadmap. com. There is a lot of free videos, a load of free downloads and there's some courses that you can download, an e-book that I wrote last year that has been helping many, many people that I work with and I'll speak to you soon.
嗯，也許你們也想去我的網頁瞧瞧：englishpronunciationroadmap.com。那裡有很多免費視頻，大量免費下載，還有一些課程你可以下載，我去年寫的一本電子書幫助了很多很多我教過的人，我們很快見面咯。