A staff member of Huaian Aucksun Optoelectronics Technology Ltd works at a chip production line on June 16. China has intensified efforts to develop chips at home so as to reduce reliance on the foreign semiconductor industry. ZHAO QIRUI/FOR CHINA DAILY
淮安奧克森光電技術有限公司的一名工作人員將於6月16日在晶片生產線工作。中國已加大力度在國內開發晶片，以減少對外國半導體產業的依賴。趙啟瑞/中國日報
Amid sanctions and uncertainty, domestic firms ride policy support for self-reliance
在制裁和不確定性之中，國內公司依靠政策支持實現自力更生
This year is likely to prove fruitful for Dou Qiang. The president of Tianjin Phytium Information Technology Co Ltd, a Chinese manufacturer of server chips or integrated circuits (ICs), has been busy answering incessant phone calls from prospective customers desperate to receive supplies of chips.
對於竇強來說，今年可能會碩果纍纍。中國伺服器晶片或集成電路（IC）的製造商天津Ph信息技術有限公司的總裁一直在忙於接聽潛在客戶的不停電話，他們迫切希望獲得晶片的供應。
"Demand for chips manufactured by Chinese companies has been very intense these days. The number of buy orders had already hit a record high at the beginning of last year," Dou said.
竇說：「最近幾天，中國公司生產的晶片的需求一直非常強烈。去年年初以來，採購訂單的數量已經達到歷史最高水平。」
Demand this year, he reiterated, has been "far more than what was expected". Dou noted the company's best-selling chip was originally estimated to reach 1 million units in shipment by the end of last year, but he did not expect the figure would be reached by August itself.
他重申，今年的需求「遠遠超出了預期」。竇說，該公司最暢銷的晶片最初估計到去年底將達到100萬顆的出貨量，但他沒有想到這個數字會在8月本身達到。
His optimism knows no bounds now as the Chinese government has intensified efforts to develop chips at home so as to reduce reliance on the foreign semiconductor industry.
由於中國政府加大了在國內開發晶片的工作，以減少對外國半導體產業的依賴，他的樂觀情緒現在無止境。
That move toward self-reliance comes amid Sino-US trade frictions, which drove unprecedented levels of enthusiasm as well as capital of Chinese entrepreneurs into the domestic chip industry.
朝著自力更生的方向發展是在中美貿易摩擦的背景下進行的，這引起了空前的熱情和中國企業家對國內晶片產業的投資。
Last year, investors poured more than 200 billion yuan ($30.9 billion)－it was much higher than 70 billion yuan or more seen in 2019－into the country's semiconductor industry. Venture capitalists, private equity firms, and IPOs of startups were some of the sources of funding.
去年，投資者向中國的半導體產業投入了超過2000億元人民幣（309億美元），遠高於2019年的700億元人民幣甚至更多。風險資本家，私募股權公司和初創公司的IPO是一些資金來源。
The annual tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference in December highlighted the importance of "technological innovations "to solve major problems that restrict the nation's economic development.
每年十二月定下基調的中央經濟工作會議都強調了「技術創新」對於解決限制國家經濟發展的重大問題的重要性。
The conference said China will ensure better implementation of key projects targeting breakthroughs in key technologies and solutions to bottleneck problems while encouraging businesses to focus on their areas of strength and forge new cutting-edge technologies.
會議表示，中國將確保更好地實施重點項目，以突破關鍵技術和瓶頸問題的解決方案為目標，同時鼓勵企業專注於自己的優勢領域並開發新的尖端技術。
Zhang Yansheng, chief researcher of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said: "It's a clear sign that China, starting from this year, will take the building of self-reliant technological prowess as its fundamental guiding principle."
中國國際經濟交流中心首席研究員張彥生說：「這清楚地表明，從今年開始，中國將把建立自力更生的技術實力作為其基本指導原則。」
The nature of world's leading economies has changed significantly. An industrial and supply chain that is shorter, more flexible, and more resilient will better meet the new economic pattern, Zhang said.
世界主要經濟體的性質已經發生了巨大變化。張說，一條更短，更靈活，更有彈性的產業和供應鏈將更好地適應新的經濟格局。
Jia Kang, chief economist of the China Academy of New Supply-Side Economics, said that another focus of the conference was on the "bottleneck problems", which refers to technologies at the forefront of innovation and futuristic vision, such as high-end chips.
中國新供給經濟學研究院首席經濟學家賈康說，會議的另一個重點是「瓶頸問題」，這是指處於創新和未來視野最前沿的技術，例如高端晶片。
"Bottleneck problems are where China lagged behind and may be restricted by other economies. It's an area wherein China must make breakthroughs over the next five years and beyond," Jia said.
賈說：「瓶頸問題是中國落後的地方，並可能受到其他經濟體的限制。在這個領域中，中國必須在未來五年及以後取得突破。」
His remarks come on the heels of the country's latest tax incentive policies for the IC industry in December. The new policy, launched by the Ministry of Finance and three other ministries, stated that qualifying IC companies or projects that have been in operation for more than 15 years and that make 28-nanometer or smaller advanced chips, will be exempt from corporate income taxes for up to 10 years.
他的言論是緊隨該國12月份針對集成電路產業的最新稅收優惠政策之後而作出的。由財政部和其他三個部委出臺的新政策規定，已運營15年以上且製造28納米或更小的先進晶片的合格IC公司或項目將免徵企業所得稅。長達10年。
Companies producing 65-nanometer to 28-nanometer chips will get five years of tax exemption and a 50 percent discount on the corporate tax rate for the subsequent five years. For such chip manufacturers, preferential treatment begins from the first profitable year.
生產65納米至28納米晶片的公司將獲得5年免稅期，並在接下來的5年中享受公司稅率50％的折扣。對於此類晶片製造商，優惠待遇從獲利的第一年開始。
A visitor gathers information on the Loongson 3 series processors at the World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province, on Nov 22. ZHAI HUIYONG/FOR CHINA DAILY
11月22日，在浙江省烏鎮舉行的世界網際網路大會上，一位訪客收集了有關Loongson 3系列處理器的信息。翟慧勇/中國日報
"The fresh policies will greatly reduce the tax burden on semiconductor enterprises and encourage them to invest more into research and development and to upgrade integrated circuits," said Chen Ji, head of the industry economy research institute at the Capital University of Economics and Business.
首都經濟貿易大學工業經濟研究所所長陳吉說：「新政策將大大減輕半導體企業的稅收負擔，並鼓勵它們對研發進行更多投資，並升級集成電路。」
Xu Tao, chief electronics analyst at CITIC Securities, said that for Semiconductor Manufacturing North China (Beijing) Corp, a subsidiary of chipmaker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp, which is abbreviated as SMIC, the new incentives will help the company save about $10 million each year in taxes.
中信證券首席電子分析師徐濤表示，對於晶片製造商半導體製造國際公司（簡稱為中芯國際）的子公司華北半導體製造（北京）公司，新的激勵措施將幫助該公司在稅收上每年節省約1000萬美元。
"These policies will drive companies to strive for more advanced production lines and boost the competitiveness of the nation's semiconductor industry on the global stage," Xu said.
他說：「這些政策將推動公司努力開發更先進的生產線，並提高該國半導體行業在全球舞臺上的競爭力。」
According to a report from Everbright Securities, the total income tax of A-share semiconductor companies hit 2.57 billion yuan in 2019. These companies reported a total profit of 20.96 billion yuan.
根據光大證券的報告，2019年A股半導體公司的總所得稅為25.7億元。這些公司的利潤總額為209.6億元。
"As the US government moves to impose export controls on Chinese technology firms, companies in the tech sector, including mobile phones, 5G and communications, have begun to feel an urgent need to work with domestic semiconductor companies," said Huang Qing, China managing director of Walden International, a US venture capital company focused on cross-border investments.
「隨著美國政府對中國技術公司實施出口管制，包括手機，5G和通信在內的技術行業公司已開始迫切需要與國內半導體公司合作，」中國管理的黃清表示。美國風險投資公司Walden International的董事，該公司專注於跨境投資。
"By serving such tech giants in the ecosystem, Chinese chip companies will have an unprecedented opportunity to grow into global players," Huang said.
Huang說：「通過為生態系統中的此類技術巨頭服務，中國晶片公司將有前所未有的機會成長為全球性企業。」
The US government put Huawei on its Entity List in May 2019 and said US firms were required to obtain a license before exporting domestically produced chips and software to the company.
美國政府於2019年5月將華為列入其實體名單，並表示美國公司必須先獲得許可證，然後才能向其出口國產晶片和軟體。
In May last year, Washington expanded these rules by requiring contract chip producers anywhere in the world that use US semiconductor equipment and technology to obtain its approval before producing chips designed by Huawei's subsidiary HiSilicon.
去年5月，華盛頓擴大了這些規定，要求在世界各地使用美國半導體設備和技術的合同晶片生產商必須獲得其批准，才能生產由華為子公司海思（HiSilicon）設計的晶片。
Data from the China Semiconductor Industry Association IC Design Branch suggested that the total sales volume of China's IC design industry is expected to grow about 24 percent year-on-year to reach nearly 382 billion yuan by the end of 2020, accounting for nearly 13 percent of the total sales revenue in the global IC design market. Full-year industry data for 2020 is yet to be compiled and confirmed.
中國半導體工業協會集成電路設計分會的數據顯示，到2020年底，中國集成電路設計行業的總銷售額預計將同比增長約24％，達到近3820億元，佔比近13％。佔全球IC設計市場總銷售收入的百分比。2020年全年行業數據尚未彙編和確認。
Buoyed by the country's momentum, China's top chipmaker SMIC saw its revenue rise by nearly 33 percent on a yearly basis to a record $1.08 billion during the third quarter of last year, after debuting on the technology-focused STAR Market of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in July.
受中國發展動力的提振，中國最大的晶片製造商中芯國際（SMIC）在以技術為重點的上海證券交易所STAR市場首次亮相後，去年第三季度的收入每年增長近33％，達到創紀錄的10.8億美元。七月。
Liang Mengsong, then co-CEO of SMIC, said earlier that the company's second-generation technology N+1 is advancing steadily and is currently undergoing product verifications from customers.
中芯國際當時的執行長梁孟松（Lang Mengsong）早些時候表示，該公司的第二代技術N + 1正在穩步發展，目前正在接受客戶的產品驗證。
Compared with the existing 14-nanometer process, N+1 manufacturing technology can increase a chip's performance by 20 percent and cut its power consumption by 57 percent, industry insiders said.
業內人士說，與現有的14納米工藝相比，N + 1製造技術可以將晶片的性能提高20％，並將功耗降低57％。
A man checks a chip display at the 2020 World Semiconductor Conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, on Aug 27. Demand for chips made by Chinese companies has been rising. SU YANG/FOR CHINA DAILY
一名男子在8月27日在江蘇省南京市舉行的2020年世界半導體大會上檢查晶片顯示。中國公司對晶片的需求一直在增長。蘇陽/中國日報
"The N+1 has entered a small-volume market and the applications are mainly for high-performance computing," Liang said. "SMIC is also cooperating with domestic and overseas customers on more than 10 advanced process tape-out projects, including 14-nanometer process and more advanced technologies."
梁說：「 N + 1已經進入了小批量市場，其應用主要用於高性能計算。」 「中芯國際還與國內外客戶合作進行了十多個高級工藝流片項目，包括14納米工藝和更先進的技術。」
Founded in 2000, SMIC has successfully mass-produced a smartphone processor for Huawei Technologies Co with its 14-nanometer manufacturing process, marking a breakthrough in China's efforts to boost its chip-making industry.
中芯國際成立於2000年，以其14納米的製造工藝成功為華為技術有限公司批量生產了智慧型手機處理器，這標誌著中國在促進其晶片製造行業的努力中取得了突破。
The 14-nanometer process is SMIC's most advanced process available as of now, and can be used in smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, artificial intelligence, radio frequency and other applications.
14納米工藝是SMIC迄今為止最先進的工藝，可用於智慧型手機，平板電腦，機頂盒，人工智慧，射頻和其他應用。
Ding Wenwu, president of China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund Co Ltd, said that although the country witnessed rising flow of money into the chip design segment over the past decade, more efforts are needed in the fields of chip materials, equipment and manufacturing.
中國集成電路產業投資基金有限公司總裁丁文武表示，儘管過去十年來中國目睹了更多的資金流入晶片設計領域，但在晶片材料，設備和製造領域仍需付出更多努力。
"Chip design has a lower technological threshold and quick investment returns. But chip materials, equipment and manufacturing are where China lags behind compared with developed countries including the US," Ding said.
丁說：「晶片設計的技術門檻較低，投資回報很快。但是，與包括美國在內的發達國家相比，中國在晶片材料，設備和製造方面落後於其他國家。」
Wei Shaojun, professor from the Institute of Microelectronics at Tsinghua University in Beijing, said that in the high-end chips segment in particular, the market share of domestic chips in computer systems, general electronic systems, communication equipment, storage devices, display and video systems, still remains small in the country.
北京清華大學微電子研究所教授魏少軍表示，特別是在高端晶片領域，家用晶片在計算機系統，通用電子系統，通信設備，存儲設備，顯示器和視頻中的市場份額。系統，在該國仍然很小。
"China is also expected to adjust the structure of its chip industry. Foreign countries have integrated device manufacturers, which integrate multiple steps from chip design, manufacturing, packaging, testing to sales," Wei said.
魏建宙說：「中國也有望調整其晶片產業的結構。外國已經整合了設備製造商，這些設備製造商將晶片設計，製造，封裝，測試到銷售的多個步驟整合在一起。」
"With an integrated circle, costs are suppressed to the lowest level, which further lowers the price and maintains its market advantage," he said.
他說：「通過整合循環，成本被抑制到最低水平，這進一步降低了價格並保持了其市場優勢。」