大家好，我是老李。我致力於翻譯全球最新學術期刊上的文章與大家分享，同時奉上帶有重點詞彙中文釋義的英文原文。喜歡的關注吧。也希望各位科學大神和英文大神不吝賜教。
近日，英國科學家開發並展示了一種可穿戴式超級電容器。這種超級電容器可以利用人類的汗液儲存能量。
英國格拉斯哥大學可彎曲電子與傳感技術小組的Ravinder Dahiya和他的同事們，把一種特殊的聚合物敷放在吸水性很強的布料上，製造出了這個神奇的裝置。這種設計解決了柔性能量存儲系統面臨的許多問題，並且可能導致一系列新的技術應用。
可穿戴設備的難題
可穿戴電子技術的發展，產生了一系列需要解決的問題。研究人員必須確保包括傳感器、顯示器和電路在內的高密度自供電設備，能夠無縫集成到靈活、耐用和舒適的材料中。這對於傳統電池來說是極其困難的，因為傳統電池不夠靈活、容易過熱，並且依賴於有毒的、對環境不利的電解液。而這些電解液可能會傷害使用者。
為解決這些問題，Dahiya 和同事們研製了這種高性能的超級電容器，利用佩戴者的汗液作為生物兼容性的電解質，而且像蓄電池一樣可以儲存和釋放電能。
汗液捕捉器
該系統將汗液吸收到由滌綸和纖維素製成的高吸水性布料中。布料的每一面都覆蓋著一層薄薄的聚合物PEDOT: PSS（註：這是一種高分子聚合物的水溶液，導電率很高，根據不同的配方，可以得到導電率不同的水溶液），並且摻入雜質以提高其導電性。
與此同時，太陽能電池提供電能輸入，使汗液中的正負離子被吸收並擴散到帶相反電荷的聚合物塗層表面，從而儲存電能。
Dahiya 的研究小組對超級電容器的性能進行了測試。他們讓志願者把超級電容作為一個小補丁貼在衣服上，然後讓他們跑步。測試結果顯示，這種設備吸收了20微升的汗水，並產生了可以支撐一小排LED燈亮起的電力。
可彎又可洗
這種超級電容可以充放電4000次，而且在受到不同程度彎曲的情況下仍然能夠繼續工作，也就是說可以進行清洗。研究人員還利用這種超級電容為布質傳感器提供電力，測量了跑步者的汗液含鹽量。
由於超級電容中聚合物與紡織品粘合效果不錯，Dahiya希望將其應用於病人監測和自我健康管理。他們還希望探索如何將其與物聯網、增強和虛擬實境技術以及機器人技術進行集成。
英文原文（重點詞彙有注釋）
Wearable supercapacitor（超級電容） stores energy using human sweat
A wearable supercapacitor that stores energy using human sweat has been developed and demonstrated（演示） in the UK by Ravinder Dahiya and colleagues at the University of Glasgow’s Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies Group. The team created the device by depositing（放置、使沉積） a specialized polymer（聚合物） onto a highly absorbent cloth.
Their design addresses many of the problems facing designers of flexible energy storage systems and could lead to a diverse range of new technological applications.
Creating wearable electronic technologies poses（造成問題、產生）a unique set of challenges. Researchers must ensure that a high density（密度）of self-powered devices including sensors, displays, and circuits（電路）can be seamlessly integrated（使成為一體，集成） into flexible, durable（耐用的）, and comfortable materials.
This is extremely difficult to do with conventional（傳統的）batteries, which are inflexible, prone to overheating, and rely on toxic（有毒的）, environmentally unfriendly electrolytes（電解液） that could harm a wearer.
To address these issues Dahiya and colleagues have made a high-performance（高性能的） supercapacitor from easily wearable materials that used the wearer's sweat as a biocompatible（生物相容性的） electrolyte. Like a rechargeable（可充電的） battery, a supercapacitor stores and releases electrical energy.
Sweat trap（捕捉器）
The system traps（吸收） sweat in highly absorbent cloth made from mixed fibres of polyester（滌綸） and cellulose（纖維素）. Each side of the cloth is coated with thin layers of the polymer PEDOT:PSS, which were doped（在藥物裡加入什麼） with impurities（雜質） to improve their conductivity（導電性）.
A solar cell provides the electrical input that causes positive（正） and negative（負） ions contained in sweat to be absorbed and diffused into the surfaces of each oppositely charged polymer coating – thereby storing electrical energy.
Dahiya’s team tested the performance of their supercapacitor by asking volunteers to run while wearing the device as a small patch（補丁） attached to their clothes. They found that the device became fully charged with just 20 μl（微升，等於0.001毫升） of sweat, and generated 10 mW（兆瓦） of power until the running stopped. This sufficient to operate a small bank of LEDs.
Bendy and washable
They showed that the device continued to work while subject to different amounts of bending. It operated after 4000 cycles（循環、周期） of charging and discharging and did not deteriorate during washing.
The researchers also used their supercapacitor to power a cloth-based sensor of runners』 sweat salinity（鹽分） – offering a safe and sustainable（可持續發展） route towards meeting the power requirements of such a system.
Since polymers bond well with textiles（紡織品）, Dahiya’s team envisions（展望、想像） a wide range of applications（應用） for their device, from patient monitoring（監視） and self-health management, to improving energy efficiency in homes.
They now hope to explore how sweat power could be integrated into other rapidly developing technologies including the Internet of things, augmented and virtual Reality, and robotics; potentially allowing for a better degree of connectedness between humans and technology.