氣候變化影響野生動植物疾病風險
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/11/22 1:41:00
美國南佛羅裡達大學Jeremy M. Cohen研究組取得最新進展。氣候變暖對跨氣候區域的野生動植物疾病風險的影響不同。相關論文於2020年11月20日發表於國際頂尖學術期刊《科學》。
他們匯集了一個全球時空數據集,描述了7346個野生動植物種群和2021個宿主-寄生蟲組合中的寄生蟲患病率,並在每個位置匯總了當地的天氣和氣候記錄。他們發現,如熱失配假設所預測的,來自冷和溫暖氣候的寄主分別在異常溫暖和冷的溫度下會增加的疾病風險。這種效應在吸熱寄主中最大,而在陸地和淡水系統中則類似。
根據氣候變化模型的預測表明,來自溫帶和熱帶地區的放熱野生動植物寄主可能分別經歷疾病風險的急劇增加和適度減少,儘管這些變化的幅度取決於寄生蟲本身。
據悉,儘管仍不清楚氣候變化如何改變不同地理區域的疾病動態,但近幾十年來野生生物中的疾病暴發與氣候變化一起激增。
附:英文原文
Title: Divergent impacts of warming weather on wildlife disease risk across climates
Author: Jeremy M. Cohen, Erin L. Sauer, Olivia Santiago, Samuel Spencer, Jason R. Rohr
Issue&Volume: 2020/11/20
Abstract: Disease outbreaks among wildlife have surged in recent decades alongside climate change, although it remains unclear how climate change alters disease dynamics across different geographic regions. We amassed a global, spatiotemporal dataset describing parasite prevalence across 7346 wildlife populations and 2021 host-parasite combinations, compiling local weather and climate records at each location. We found that hosts from cool and warm climates experienced increased disease risk at abnormally warm and cool temperatures, respectively, as predicted by the thermal mismatch hypothesis. This effect was greatest in ectothermic hosts and similar in terrestrial and freshwater systems. Projections based on climate change models indicate that ectothermic wildlife hosts from temperate and tropical zones may experience sharp increases and moderate reductions in disease risk, respectively, though the magnitude of these changes depends on parasite identity.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1702
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6519/eabb1702
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037