2016年5月22日/生物谷BIOON/--在一項新的研究中,來自美國布蘭迪斯大學的一個研究小組證實在細胞中發現的CLIP-170微管(即結合著CLIP-170蛋白的微管)緊密地結合到蛋白formin上,從而加快肌動蛋白絲延長。該小組將一種螢光蛋白加入到這種微管中以便更好地理解蛋白CLIP-170在肌動蛋白絲組裝中的作用。相關研究結果發表在2016年5月20日那期Science期刊上,論文標題為「Accelerated actin filament polymerization from microtubule plus ends」。
針對這項研究,來自德國布倫瑞克工業大學的Klemens Rottner在同期Science期刊上發表一篇標題為「Formin' filaments at a faster CLIP」的文章,也解釋了微管和肌動蛋白絲在真核生物細胞骨架形成中發揮的作用。
為了讓細胞維持它的形狀,肌動蛋白絲必需延長到支持細胞形狀所需的長度。但是當細胞長到合適的大小和形狀時,它需要容納它的所有組分,這就必需有一種機制調節它的生長。之前的研究已證實微管起到這種的作用,但是它是如何發揮作用的在某種程度上一直是個謎。
在這項新的研究中,研究人員發現CLIP-170微管確實非常緊密地結合到一種被稱作formin的蛋白上,這樣做就能夠在確定肌動蛋白絲將延伸多長上發揮作用,或者更具體地說,加快肌動蛋白絲延長。
為了更多地了解蛋白CLIP-170在細胞骨架形成中發揮的作用,研究人員在實驗室中將一種螢光蛋白加入到蛋白CLIP-170中的一些上,然後在細胞成熟期間,利用單細胞顯微鏡觀察發生了什麼。除了加快肌動蛋白絲延長外,研究人員還觀察到CLIP-170與mDia1二聚體結合在一起,追蹤肌動蛋白絲末端和促進聚合化,這種聚合化提供一種保護帽。研究人員還發現微管末端誘導mDia1/CLIP-10複合體發揮作用,從而導致肌動蛋白絲快速生長。他們注意到這種肌動蛋白絲生長對神經元中的樹突生長是特別不可或缺的。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
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Accelerated actin filament polymerization from microtubule plus ends
doi:10.1126/science.aaf1709
Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla, Aneliya Rankova, Julian A. Eskin, Katelyn Kenny, Bruce L. Goode
Microtubules (MTs) govern actin network remodeling in a wide range of biological processes, yet the mechanisms underlying this cytoskeletal cross-talk have remained obscure. We used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to show that the MT plus-end–associated protein CLIP-170 binds tightly to formins to accelerate actin filament elongation. Furthermore, we observed mDia1 dimers and CLIP-170 dimers cotracking growing filament ends for several minutes. CLIP-170–mDia1 complexes promoted actin polymerization ~18 times faster than free–barbed-end growth while simultaneously enhancing protection from capping proteins. We used a MT-actin dynamics co-reconstitution system to observe CLIP-170–mDia1 complexes being recruited to growing MT ends by EB1. The complexes triggered rapid growth of actin filaments that remained attached to the MT surface. These activities of CLIP-170 were required in primary neurons for normal dendritic morphology. Thus, our results reveal a cellular mechanism whereby growing MT plus ends direct rapid actin assembly.
Formin' filaments at a faster CLIP
doi:10.1126/science.aaf9624
Klemens Rottner
Cells of all kingdoms form a rigid but dynamic cytoskeleton that is essential for cell shape and growth. Microtubules and actin filaments build the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, and although they serve distinct functions, cooperation and indirect connections between these systems exist (1). On page 1004 of this issue, Henty-Ridilla et al. (2) report how a protein that accumulates at the growing tips of microtubules also elongates actin filaments, revealing an unexpected interaction between the two cytoskeletal systems.