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Be Smart: A Partial Eclipse Can Fry Your Naked Eyes
裸眼看日食當心被灼傷
The day of the long-awaited coast-to-coast solar eclipse has all but arrived — and if history is any guide, it’s likely that somebody’s eyes are going to get hurt.
期待已久的日全食的終於要來了—如果之前沒有任何指引的話，那麼很有可能有人的眼睛會被灼傷。
The ones we’re really concerned about are the people who have never seen an eclipse before — or just decided that, you know, 』Today is a nice day to go take a look at a solar eclipse』 — and, 』Oh, I probably don’t need to do very much to get ready to do that.』 Then I get worried, says Ralph Chou, an optometrist and vision scientist at the University of Waterloo in Canada. He has seen 18 total solar eclipses.
「我們關心的是那些從來沒有見過日全食的人或打算去看日全食的人,「今天是美好的一天，我們可以看見日食」，「哦，我可能不需要準備太多。」「如果是這種態度，那我就開始擔心了，」加拿大滑鐵盧大學驗光師和視覺科學家拉爾夫.周說。他曾經目睹過18次日全食。
You really can get blurred vision or blind spots after watching partial eclipses without protection, says Chou, even if there is just a tiny little crescent of sun left in the sky.
周說，在沒有保護的情況下看日偏食會造成你視覺模糊或出現盲點，即使天空中只有一小塊太陽。
I』ve seen a couple of patients over the years where, you know, you』ve got very distinct crescent-shaped scars from looking at a solar eclipse, says Chou.
周說:「在過去的幾年裡，我看到過一些病人，這些病人都是在看日食的時候沒有做好保護導致眼睛裡有非常明顯的新月形傷疤。」
It is never safe to look directly at a partial eclipse without special eclipse glasses or filters — and most of the country will see only a partial eclipse.
在沒有特殊的日全食眼鏡或過濾器保護的情況下，直接看日食是不安全的，而且大多數國家只會看到日偏食。
The risk of injury to the retina is even greater if you look at a partial eclipse without protection through a telescope or binoculars, Chou warns.
周警告說，如果你通過沒有保護的單筒望遠鏡或雙筒望遠鏡觀察日偏食，那麼視網膜損傷的風險就更大。
The damage, he says, "can happen extremely quickly."
「視網膜馬上就會被破壞，」他說。
Binoculars and telescopes need special filters — it is not safe to look through them while just wearing regular old eclipse glasses. It is safe, however, to put eclipse glasses over your everyday prescription eyewear.
單筒望遠鏡和雙筒望遠鏡需要特殊的濾光器—只戴普通的老式眼鏡觀察日全食不太安全，你需要把日食眼鏡戴到你的眼鏡上。
And if you never got around to buying the right sort of protective eclipse glasses, you can still safely "watch" the event projected on a wall or the ground, NASA reminds us, with the help of an index card, a bit of aluminum foil and some tape.
NASA提醒說，如果你從來沒買過合適的防護眼鏡，你仍然可以通過索引卡、一些鋁箔和膠帶在牆上或地面上來觀看這一自然現象。
Because of the way the light exposure damages cells of the retina, says Chou, a person who has suffered eye damage typically does not realize that there is any problem until hours after the eclipse.
周說，由於暴露光線損害視網膜細胞方式的特殊，一個視力受損的人在觀看日食幾小時內通常不會意識到眼鏡出現問題。
Experience from past eclipses suggests that it has been younger people who are more likely to ignore safety warnings, says Chou.
周表示，過去月食的經驗表明，年輕人更容易忽視安全警告。
It does tend to be young males, he says. "Teens to early 20s — the ones who don’t think about any protection for a number of different circumstances."
「這種情況確實傾向於年輕男性，」他說。「十幾歲到二十出頭的年輕人—他們出於各種理由而不考慮任何保護。」
But don’t be so stressed out about eye safety that you miss the dramatic event known as totality. If you’re lucky enough to be in the thin stretch of land across the country that is going to see a total solar eclipse, it’s absolutely OK to look up with your naked eyes during the couple of minutes or so when the moon is completely covering the sun. In fact, it’s more than OK.
但是，不要因為眼睛的安全問題導致你錯過了被稱為「全食」的重大事件。如果你足夠幸運，你就能在全國範圍內看到日全食。在月球完全覆蓋太陽的那幾分鐘內，你就可以用裸眼觀察。事實上，這個時候是安全的。
It is spectacularly beautiful, and there’s nothing else like it, says Rick Fienberg, press officer for the American Astronomical Society, who has seen a dozen total solar eclipses. "It’s kind of like falling in love. You can’t describe what that is unless you』ve experienced it."
美國天文學會的新聞官員裡克.芬伯格說:「這真是太美了，沒有什麼比這更美妙的了。」他已經看到了12次日全食。「這有點像墜入愛河。」你無法描述那種感覺，除非你自己經歷過。
When the sun completely blinks out, the safety glasses can come off so that you can enjoy the view of the sun’s otherworldly corona and the eerie daytime darkness. But the instant a sliver of sun starts to re-emerge, he says, those glasses need to go back on if you want to keep watching.
當太陽完全消失的時候，你就可以摘掉安全眼鏡，這樣你就可以欣賞到太陽的超凡的日冕和可怕的白天變黑的景象。但他說，當太陽的一小部分開始重新出現，如果你想繼續看下去你需要再重新戴上保護眼鏡。
Going through life without seeing a total eclipse of the sun would be like going through life without ever falling in love, says Fienberg. "It would be a terrible shame not to have that fundamental, wonderful experience."
芬伯格說:「如果你一輩子沒見過日全食，就仿佛經歷了一場沒有愛情的人生。