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Asian nations make plastic oceans promise
海洋上漂浮的塑料誰來負責?亞洲多個國家擔起責任
Nations responsible for much of the world’s ocean plastic pollution have promised to start cleaning up their act.
大部分的海洋塑料汙染由很多個國家共同導致，這些國家已經承諾要開始為他們的行為負責，還海洋一片清潔。
At a UN oceans summit, delegates from China, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines said they would work to keep plastics out of the seas.
在聯合國海洋峰會上，來自中國、泰國、印度尼西亞和菲律賓的代表們說，他們將努力防止塑料進入海洋。
Some of the promises are not yet formalised and environmentalists say the measures proposed are not nearly urgent enough.
一些承諾還沒有正式實施，一些環保人士表示，提出的措施遠遠不能緩解現狀。
But UN officials praised the statement.
但聯合國對這份聲明表示讚許。
Meeting in New York, they said it was part of a clear international shift against ocean pollution.
在紐約舉行的一個會議上，他們表示，這是國際社會對海洋汙染問題態度上的明確轉變的一部分。
Eric Solheim, the UN’s environment director, told BBC News: "There are quite encouraging signs, with nations taking the ocean much more seriously. Of course, there is a very long way to go because the problems are huge."
聯合國環境部部長Eric Solheim告訴BBC的記者:「這一舉動是十分鼓舞人心的，國家對海洋的重視程度比以前高多了。當然，還有很長的路要走，畢竟問題是比較嚴重的。」
It is estimated that 5-13 million tonnes of plastics flow into the world’s oceans annually. Much of it is ingested by birds and fish – and fragments of plastic have even been found in organisms at the bottom of the ocean.
據估計，每年有5萬至1300萬噸塑料進入海洋。其中很大一部分被鳥類和魚類吃了，而且，在海底的生物中甚至也發現了一些塑料碎片。
A recent paper said much of the marine plastic often originates far from the sea – especially in countries which have developed consumer economies faster than their ability to manage waste.
最近的一篇論文指出，大部分的海洋塑料都是來自距離海洋很遙遠的地方，特別是在那些經濟發展速度高於其管理垃圾的能力的國家。
The Helmholtz Centre in Leipzig, Germany, estimated that 75% of land-borne marine pollution comes from just 10 rivers, predominantly in Asia.
德國的萊比錫的亥姆霍茲中心估計，75%的來自陸地的汙染物主要來自10條河流，主要分布在亞洲。
Tom Dillon from the Pew Charitable Trusts, which campaign on oceans, urged China to move quickly.
來自皮尤慈善信託基金的湯姆.狄龍呼籲中國迅速採取行動。
A report to the UN conference from the Thailand government says most marine plastic debris is land-based, caused by inefficient waste management and poor handling of plastic wastes.
一份來自泰國政府的聯合國會議的報告說，大部分的海洋塑料垃圾是來自大陸內的，主要是由於低效的廢物管理和塑料垃圾處理不當造成的。
In Thailand, the total amount of garbage finding its way into the sea was estimated at 2.83 million tonnes in 2016 - of which 12% was plastic.
在泰國，2016年的流入海洋的垃圾總量約283萬噸，其中12%是塑料。
The Thai government says the nation has established a 20-year strategy to tackle the problem, including developing financial incentives for keeping plastic out of the sea and encouraging eco-packaging design and eco-friendly substitutes for plastics.
泰國政府說，泰國已經制定了20年的計劃來解決這一問題，其中包括發展財政獎勵措施來防止塑料進入海洋，並鼓勵使用環保包裝和環保的塑料替代品。
In Indonesia, the government is starting a mass education programme for schoolchildren, and in the Philippines new laws are being developed.
在印度尼西亞，政府為小學生開設大規模的教育課程，同時菲律賓也正在制定新的法律。
Part of the challenge is finding substitutes for plastics. An international prize for smarter materials and design for packaging was launched recently by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.
一個主要問題是尋找塑料替代品。最近，艾倫.麥克阿瑟基金會組織了環保材料包裝設計的國際比賽。
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