以上各種細胞內最為重要的一些細胞器，當然不同的細胞之間有一定的區別：比如說是細胞核還是擬核，是否有細胞壁（若有，主要成分是什麼），有無纖毛或者鞭毛，甚至有很多的胞根本就沒有細胞器（比如大部分的原核生物）。
So those are the most important organelles in most cells. Still, there exist fundamental differences among different types of cells: whether it's a nucleus or a nucleoid, whether there's a cell wall or not (if yes, then of what material), whether there are cilia or flagella, and for a lot of cells, they don't even have organelles (as is the case for most prokaryotes).
但是在合成生物學類比賽中，我們的重點又是什麼呢？是核酸。
In a synthetic biology contest however, what is the primary matter? The answer is nucleic acids.
根據化學組成的不同，核酸可分為核糖核酸（RNA）和脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）。在大多數生物體中，DNA起到了儲存，複製，和傳遞遺傳信息的作用，同時攜帶用於成長，發育，功能以及繁殖的遺傳指令。RNA則在基因的編碼，翻譯，調控與表達之中都有著非常重要的作用。
Based on different chemical compositions, nucleic acids can be subdivided into ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA). In most organisms, DNA serves the vital function of storing, replicating, and transporting heredity information. Meanwhile, DNA also carries the genetic instructions that are essential in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of various organisms. Unlike DNA, the importance of RNA mainly lies in the coding, translation, regulation and expression of genes.