Respectively 的用法
Respectively 在科技論文中較常見,用以表示前一系列項目與後一系列項目按先後順序一一對應的關係。
正確地使用 Respectively 這個詞,往往能使得我們用更為簡潔的語句來敘述一系列相關的內容。
例如:
(1)不用 respectively:In mice treated with 5 mg/kg of the drug, the survival rate was 12%; whereas in mice treated with 10 mg/kg of the drug, the survival rate was 34%, and in mice treated with 20 mg/kg of the drug, the survival rate was 63%.
(2)使用 respectively:In mice treated with 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg of the drug, the survival rates were 12%, 34%, and 57%, respectively.
上述兩個句子都是正確的,但是句(2)中用了 respectively 這個詞之後,顯然比句子(1)更為簡潔。
儘管使用 respectively 後能夠簡練句子,但有些句子卻是不能夠也不需要使用這個詞的。譬如,當所敘述的項目與相應的數據放在一起敘述時,respectively 這個詞就是多餘的了。
例如:
(3)錯誤:The complication rates were 14% in drinkers and 2% in non-drinkers, respectively.
(4)正確:The complication rates were 14% in drinkers and 2% in non-drinkers.
(5)正確:The complication rates were 14% and 2% in drinkers and non-drinkers, respectively.
另外,敘述單一系列的內容時,不需要使用 respectively 這個詞。使用 respectively 這個詞的時候,前一系列的項目數量應該與後一系列所敘述的內容(結果)數量對應一致,且每一個系列都應單獨逐個羅列,而不應該使用集合名詞。
例如:
(6)錯誤:The patients in the treatment group and the control group, respectively, underwent pre-operation chemotherapy.
(7)正確:The patients in the treatment group and the control group underwent pre-operation chemotherapy.
(8)錯誤:The overall survival, disease-free survival, and prognosis-free survival rates of this cohort were 90.3% and 81.9%, respectively.
(9)正確:The overall survival, disease-free survival, and prognosis-free survival rates of this cohort were 90.3%, 81.9%, and 81.9%, respectively.
(10)錯誤:The overall survival rates of the two groups were 87.4% and 60.2%, respectively.
(11)正確:The overall survival rates of the two groups were 87.4% and 60.2%.
(12)正確:The overall survival rates of group A and group B were 87.4% and 60.2%, respectively.
參考文獻
Hale K. Word for Word. Department of Scientific Publication of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. 2018-04-11.
AMA Manual of Style, 10th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:401-402.
Burchfield RW, ed. The New Fowler's Modern English Usage, revised 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000:671-672.
Garner BA. Garner's Modern English Usage, 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:791.
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