開花期和株型是影響油菜產量的重要因素,理解油菜花期和株型性狀的調控機制對於提高油菜產量意義重大。擬南芥的AP1(APETALA1)是花分生組織的決定基因,同時也是萼片和花瓣正常發育的控制因子,在花發育過程中起著關鍵作用。此外,分生組織調控基因也會影響植物株型結構和產量性狀。
德國基爾大學的研究人員在EMS誘變獲得的3840個M2群體中,通過TILLING技術鑑定出油菜AP1同源基因Bna.AP1.A02的DNA突變,並對突變體進行了表型鑑定。結果顯示,3個位於K結構域上的終止突變造成了花器官形態和株型結構的顯著變化。此外, Bna.AP1.A02基因的突變也改變了下遊靶基因Bna.TFL1和Bna.FUL的表達。而另外一些位於COOH結構域上的終止突變卻不會影響油菜的株型結構、產量性狀和相關靶基因表達。
該研究揭示出油菜AP1基因對株型和產量性狀的重要調控作用,也為改良油菜株型結構,提高油菜產量提供了新的途徑。
BMC Plant Biol., 2018 Dec 29.
An APETALA1 ortholog affects plant architecture and seed yield component in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).
Author
Shah S, Karunarathna NL, Jung C, Emrani N*.
*: Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Increasing the productivity of rapeseed as one of the widely cultivated oil crops in the world is of upmost importance. As flowering time and plant architecture play a key role in the regulation of rapeseed yield, understanding the genetic mechanism underlying these traits can boost the rapeseed breeding. Meristem identity genes are known to have pleiotropic effects on plant architecture and seed yield in various crops. To understand the function of one of the meristem identity genes, APETALA1 (AP1) in rapeseed, we performed phenotypic analysis of TILLING mutants under greenhouse conditions. Three stop codon mutant families carrying a mutation in Bna.AP1.A02 paralog were analyzed for different plant architecture and seed yield-related traits.
RESULTS:
It was evident that stop codon mutation in the K domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog caused significant changes in flower morphology as well as plant architecture related traits like plant height, branch height, and branch number. Furthermore, yield-related traits like seed yield per plant and number of seeds per plants were also significantly altered in the same mutant family. Apart from phenotypic changes, stop codon mutation in K domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog also altered the expression of putative downstream target genes like Bna.TFL1 and Bna.FUL in shoot apical meristem (SAM) of rapeseed. Mutant plants carrying stop codon mutations in the COOH domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog did not have a significant effect on plant architecture, yield-related traits or the expression of the downstream targets.
CONCLUSIONS:
We found that Bna.AP1.A02 paralog has pleiotropic effect on plant architecture and yield-related traits in rapeseed. The allele we found in the current study with a beneficial effect on seed yield can be incorporated into rapeseed breeding pool to develop new varieties.
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Plant Biotechnol J|華中農大範楚川團隊|利用基因編輯技術提高油菜產量