Adversity does not build character, it reveals it.
逆境不會塑造性格,而是揭發性格。
– James Lane Allen, Novelist
– 詹姆斯‧萊恩‧艾倫 (小說家)
--- 外刊看世界編輯擇優推薦
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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
這裡是科學美國人——60秒科學。我是克里斯多福·因塔利亞塔。
They're among the most amazing events of the wild world:
這些是野生世界最令人驚異的事件:
Africa's thundering herds of wildebeest. (BBC: "...and nothing will stop them now.")
非洲大批成群的牛羚。(BBC:「……現在沒有什麼能夠阻止它們。」)
The incredible migrating monarch butterflies. (National Geographic: "One of the great spectacles of nature.")
令人難以置信的遷徙中的帝王蝶。(國家地理:「自然界最壯觀的場面之一」。)
The captivating chorus (corvina sound) of the Gulf corvina. Wait, haven't heard of that last one?
海灣石首魚迷人的大合唱。(石首魚的聲音)等等,沒聽過最後那個聲音吧?
"It's a true wildlife spectacle. A fish this loud, this many fish calling."
「這是真正的野生動物奇觀。一隻魚的聲音可以這麼大,這是許多魚的叫聲。」
Brad Erisman is a fisheries ecologist at the University of Texas, Austin. And to hear him tell it, the chatter of the corvina fish belongs right up there with those other great spectacles.
德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的漁業生態學家布拉德·埃裡斯曼說道。按照他的說法,石首魚的叫聲和其他奇觀一樣。
Every spring, he says, the fish migrate hundreds of miles to the northernmost reaches of the Sea of Cortez, the body of water between Baja, California and mainland Mexico. And there, at the Colorado River Delta, "it has this massive synchronous spawning with outgoing tides for two to three days, every other week, for three months."
他說,每年春天,石首魚都會遊數百英裡遷徙至科特茲海最北端,那裡是位於下加利福尼亞州和墨西哥內陸之間的水域。在那裡,也就是科羅拉多河三角洲,「在大約3個月的時間裡,大批石首魚每隔1周在退潮時進行2-3天的集體產卵。」
And during that time, it also makes this noise (corvina sound), produced by flexing muscles around the swim bladder. "And it allows the swim bladder to reverberate. Much like any sort of drum, any sort of gas-filled chamber."
在這段時間,石首魚會發出這種噪音(石首魚的聲音),這是通過收縮魚鰾周圍的肌肉所發出的聲音。「它讓魚鰾發出迴響。非常像鼓聲,像充氣的腔室。」
That simultaneous drumming of hundreds of thousands or even millions of fish is extremely loud. "It's louder than if you were a meter away from the stage at a rock concert." In fact, Erisman and his colleague Timothy Rowell have found that corvina chatter rivals the decibel levels produced by whales—loud enough, even, to damage the hearing of dolphins—making it among the loudest underwater animal sounds on the planet.
成千上萬、甚至數百萬條魚同時發出的「鼓聲」極為洪亮。「這聲音比你站在搖滾演唱會舞臺一米開外所聽到的聲音還要響亮。」實際上,埃裡斯曼和同事蒂莫西·羅威爾發現,石首魚聊天聲的分貝級別與鯨魚不相上下——聲音大到甚至可以使海豚的聽力受損,這使石首魚成為地球上聲音最大的水下動物之一。
The aquatic cacophony is written up in the journal Biology Letters.
這項研究結果發表在《生物學快報》期刊上。
But the sound is under attack—by our teeth. "Fried, baked, put it in tacos. Pretty much any way you can think of, you can make corvina." Which spells danger for the singing fish. "It's heavily exploited, it's overfished, and we're really concerned about the fishery collapsing."
但是,這種聲音正在遭受攻擊——而攻擊者是我們的牙齒。「炸、烤、放進墨西哥玉米餅裡。幾乎你能想到的任何方式,都能用來烹飪石首魚。」這給這種唱歌的魚帶來了危險。「石首魚資源被過度開發、過度捕撈,我們對這種漁業的崩盤倍感擔心。」
But by spreading the word about the corvina's signature sound, Erisman hopes to keep the species—and its song—from going silent.
但是,通過傳播石首魚標誌性的聲音,埃裡斯曼希望讓這個物種及其「歌聲」避免走向沉寂的命運。
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
謝謝大家收聽科學美國人——60秒科學。我是克里斯多福·因塔利亞塔。
唯有投資自己,才能成功每日一詞:出氣筒
「出氣筒」,比喻無充分的理由或恰當的原因而被人當作發洩怨氣的工具,英文可以翻譯為「punching bag,或doormat」,常見表達如「把某人當作出氣筒(use somebody as a punching bag)」。
「出氣」,意思是「發洩怒火(give vent to one’s anger)」。當你不幸被人當成「出氣筒」的時候,可以說:「我又沒得罪你,別拿我出氣(I am not the one who offended you. Don’t take it out on me)。」
例句:
他的秘書成了他的出氣筒。
His secretary had to bear the brunt of his temper.
Editor: Jade
1、本期每日一句,由編輯選優推薦。
2、本期每日一播,取自影視宣傳資源。
3、本期每日一聞,取自Scientific American — 60-Second Science.
4、本期每日一詞,取自紐約時報中文網.
本文僅供學習交流參考,未用作商業用途。如對本公眾號發布的文章存有異議,歡迎留言告知,編輯將在24小時內回復處理。
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