2型脊髓灰質炎病毒的流行病學分析
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/3/25 9:45:00
英國倫敦衛生與熱帶醫學院G. R. Macklin小組的研究發現了停用2型口服脊髓灰質炎疫苗(POV2)後2型脊灰病毒血清型的流行病學進化史。該研究於2020年3月20日發表在《科學》雜誌上。
使用統計模型,研究人員預估了2016年5月至2019年11月之間檢測到2型脊髓灰質炎疫苗衍生脊髓灰質炎病毒(VDPV2)的出現日期和來源。單純OPV2使用造成的暴發是誘導免疫力預防傳播的唯一有效途徑。然而,研究人員的分析表明,單純使用OPV2會產生更多麻痺性VDPV2爆發,並有可能建立地方性傳播。如果這種疫苗未能如期實現或發揮預期作用,則迫切需要新型OPV2和應急策略。
據悉,儘管20多年來沒有發生2型野生脊髓灰質炎病毒病例,但在幾大洲傳播的VDPV2和相關的麻痺病例對其根除構成威脅。2型口服脊髓灰質炎病毒疫苗已於2016年4月停用,以阻止VDPV2出現並確保根除所有2型脊髓灰質炎病毒。在全球範圍內,此日期之後出生的兒童具有對其傳播有限的免疫力。
附:英文原文
Title: Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine
Author: G. R. Macklin, K. M. O』Reilly, N. C. Grassly, W. J. Edmunds, O. Mach, R. Santhana Gopala Krishnan, A. Voorman, J. F. Vertefeuille, J. Abdelwahab, N. Gumede, A. Goel, S. Sosler, J. Sever, A. S. Bandyopadhyay, M. A. Pallansch, R. Nandy, P. Mkanda, O. M. Diop, R. W. Sutter
Issue&Volume: 2020/03/19
Abstract: AbstractWhile there have been no cases of type-2 wild poliovirus for over 20 years, transmission of type-2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) and associated paralytic cases in several continents represent a threat to eradication. The withdrawal of the type-2 component of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) was implemented in April 2016 to stop VDPV2 emergence and secure eradication of all poliovirus type 2. Globally, children born after this date have limited immunity to prevent transmission. Using a statistical model, we estimate the emergence date and source of VDPV2s detected between May 2016 and November 2019. Outbreak response campaigns with monovalent OPV2 are the only available method to induce immunity to prevent transmission. Yet, our analysis shows that using monovalent OPV2 is generating more paralytic VDPV2 outbreaks with the potential for establishing endemic transmission. The novel OPV2 is urgently required, alongside a contingency strategy if this vaccine does not materialize or perform as anticipated.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba1238
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/03/18/science.aba1238
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037