2016年12月28日,《Redox BioLogy》雜誌在線發表了中科院生物物理所陳暢課題組題為「The decay of Redox-stress Response Capacity is a substantive characteristic of aging: Revising the redox theory of aging」的研究論文。論文首次通過比較年輕和衰老線蟲及細胞對氧化還原刺激的不同反應,提出了氧化還原應激反應能力(Redox-stress Response Capacity,RRC)新概念,並證明這種動態反應能力的下降是衰老的一個本質特徵。陳暢課題組的助理研究員孟姣為本文的第一作者,陳暢研究員為本文的通訊作者。
衰老與氧化還原密切相關。傳統的自由基衰老學說認為氧化應激是對細胞的一種損害,是導致衰老的一個重要因素。大多數關於氧化還原和衰老的研究主要集中在靜息狀態活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的高低。很少有研究去比較年輕和衰老個體對於氧化還原刺激的動態反應能力。陳暢課題組分別以線蟲和複製性衰老細胞為模型,比較了年輕和衰老線蟲(或細胞)對於氧化還原刺激反應能力的不同。結果顯示在氧化還原刺激下,年輕線蟲(或細胞)能產生更多的活性氧/活性氮(ROS/RNS)從而激活Erk、 Akt和AMPK信號通路。同時,年輕線蟲(或細胞)能夠通過促進轉錄因子NRF2的轉位誘導產生更多的抗氧化酶以維持氧化還原穩態平衡。另一方面,年輕線蟲(活細胞)也通過上調分子伴侶表達、提高蛋白酶體活性表現出更好地降解氧化損傷蛋白的能力。
在這些結果的基礎上,陳暢課題組提出名為「氧化還原應激反應能力」的新概念,表明機體具有不同的應對氧化還原刺激的反應能力,包括產生適量ROS/RNS激活細胞信號通路的能力、激活抗氧化系統維持氧化還原平衡的能力和降解氧化損傷蛋白的能力。這是首次提出並全面描述氧化還原應激反應能力的概念,也是首次通過實驗數據直接證明年輕和衰老之間的本質差別。這與傳統自由基衰老學說單純強調ROS水平升高造成衰老不同,該研究認為動態的氧化還原應激反應能力極為重要,它的下降才是衰老的一個本質特徵。該研究揭示了氧化還原調控與衰老的本質特徵,為延緩衰老和促進健康衰老提供了新策略。
Redox Biology:中科院生物物理所陳暢課題組提出「氧化還原應激反應能力(RRC)」下降是衰老本質特
圖示 氧化還原應激反應能力(Redox-stress Response Capacity, RRC)模型
原文連結:
The decay of Redox-stress Response Capacity is a substantive characteristic of aging: Revising the redox theory of aging
原文摘要:
Aging is tightly associated with redox events. The free radical theory of aging indicates that redox imbalance may be an important factor in the aging process. Most studies about redox and aging focused on the static status of oxidative stress levels, there has been little research investigating differential responses to redox challenge during aging. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans and human fibroblasts as models to compare differential responses to oxidative stress challenge in young and old individuals. In response to paraquat stress, young individuals generated more ROS and activated signaling pathways including p-ERK, p-AKT and p-AMPKα/β. After the initial response, young individuals then promoted NRF2 translocation and induced additional antioxidant enzymes and higher expression of phase II enzymes, including SOD, CAT, GPX, HO-1, GSTP-1and others, to maintain redox homeostasis. Moreover, young individuals also demonstrated a better ability to degrade damaged proteins by up-regulating the expression of chaperones and improving proteasome activity. Based on these data, we propose a new concept "Redox-stress Response Capacity (RRC)", which suggests cells or organisms are capable of generating dynamic redox responses to activate cellular signaling and maintain cellular homeostasis. The decay of RRC is the substantive characteristic of aging, which gives a new understand of the redox theory of aging.
doi:10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.026
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