我們常發現當別人打哈欠時,自己也會不由自主的跟著打,好像會傳染一樣,這究竟是為什麼呢?一起來看看下面的這個文章吧~
A University of Nottingham team found it occurs in a part of the brain responsible for motor function.
諾丁漢大學的研究小組發現它發生在大腦負責運動功能的部分。
The primary motor cortex also plays a part in conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome.
初級運動皮層也在圖雷特氏綜合症等疾病中起著重要作用。
So the scientists say understanding contagious yawning could also help understand those disorders too.
因此,科學家們說,了解傳染性哈欠也有助於理解這些疾病。
syndrome /'sɪndrəʊm/ n. [臨床] 綜合症狀;併發症狀
contagious /kən'teɪdʒəs/ adj. 感染性的;會蔓延的
yawn /jɔ: n/ n. 哈欠;裂口;v. 打哈欠
disorder /dɪs'ɔ: də/ n. 混亂;騷亂;v. 使失調;擾亂
Contagious yawning is a common form of echo-phenomena - the automatic imitation of someone else’s words or actions.
傳染性哈欠是一種常見的模仿行為,即自動模仿他人的言語或行為。
Echo-phenomena is also seen in Tourette’s, as well as in other conditions, including epilepsy and autism.
在圖雷特氏綜合症以及其他疾病,包括癲癇和自閉症中,也出現了這一模仿現象。
To test what’s happening in the brain during the phenomenon, scientists monitored 36 volunteers while they watched others yawning.
為了測試這一現象在大腦中發生的情況,科學家們監測了36名志願者在看到其他人打哈欠時的反應。
echo-phenomena /'ekəʊfɪn'ɒmɪnə/ n. 模仿現象
automatic /ɔ: tə'mætɪk/ adj. 自動的;無意識的
imitation /ɪmɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 模仿,仿造;仿製品
epilepsy /'epɪlepsɪ/ n. [內科] 癲癇,癲癇症
autism /'ɔ: tɪz(ə)m/ n. [心理][內科] 孤獨症;自我中心主義
monitor /'mɒnɪtə/ vt. 監控;n. 監視器;監聽器
In the study, published in the journal Current Biology, some were told it was fine to yawn while others were told to stifle the urge.
此項研究發表在《當代生物學》雜誌上,在試驗中一部分人被告知看到別人打哈欠後可以跟著打,而另一部分人則被告知要抑制這種欲望。
The urge to yawn was down to how each person’s primary motor cortex worked - its "excitability".
打哈欠的衝動取決於個人主要運動皮層的特質—「興奮性」。
And, using external transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), it was also possible to increase "excitability" in the motor cortex and therefore people’s propensity for contagious yawns.
採用外部經顱磁刺激(TMS)試驗也有可能增加運動皮層的「興奮性」,導致你會有傳染性哈欠的欲望。
stifle /'staɪf(ə)l/ vt. 扼殺;窒息;抑制
cortex /'kɔ: teks/ n. [解剖] 皮質;樹皮;果皮
excitability /ɪk,saɪtə'bɪləti/ n. [生理] 興奮性,應激性;可激發性
transcranial /trænzˈkreɪnɪəl/ adj. 經顱的
magnetic /mæg'netɪk/ adj. 地磁的;磁的;有磁性的
stimulation /ˌstɪmjʊ'leʃn/ n. 刺激;激勵,鼓舞
propensity /prə'pensɪtɪ/ n. 傾向,習性;癖好,偏愛
Georgina Jackson, professor of cognitive neuropsychology who worked on the study, said the finding could have wider uses: "In Tourette’s, if we could reduce the excitability we might reduce the ticks, and that’s what we are working on."
參與這項研究的認知神經心理學教授喬治娜.傑克遜說,這一發現可能有更深層次的用途:「如果在治療圖雷特氏綜合症時我們能夠降低興奮性,我們可能就會減少抽動,而這正是我們研究的目標。」
Prof Stephen Jackson, who also worked on the research, added: "If we can understand how alterations in cortical excitability give rise to neural disorders we can potentially reverse them.
史蒂芬.傑克遜教授也參與了這項研究,他補充道:「如果我們能理解大腦皮層興奮性的變化是如何引起神經紊亂的,我們就有可能逆轉它們。」
We are looking for potential non-drug, personalised treatments, using TMS that might be effective in modulating imbalances in the brain networks.
「我們正在尋找潛在的非藥物的個性化治療,採用TMS方法就可能有效地調節大腦網絡的不平衡狀態。」
cognitive neuropsychology /'kɒgnɪtɪv/ /,njʊərə(ʊ)saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/ 認知神經心理學
alteration /ɔ: ltə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 修改,改變;變更
cortical /'kɔːtɪkəl/ adj. 皮質的;[生物] 皮層的;外皮的
neural /'njʊər(ə)l/ adj. 神經的;神經系統的;神經中樞的
reverse /rɪ'vɜːs/ v. 顛倒;倒轉;逆轉
personalised /'pə:sənəlaizd/ adj. (英)個人化的(等於personalized)
modulate /'mɒdjʊleɪt/ v. 調節;(信號)調製;調整
imbalance /ɪm'bæl(ə)ns/ n. 不平衡;不安定
Dr Andrew Gallup, a psychologist at State University of New York at Albany, who has carried out research into the connection between empathy and yawning, said using TMS was a "novel approach" to the study of contagious yawning.
安德魯.蓋洛普博士是紐約州立大學奧爾巴尼分校的心理學家,他對共鳴和打哈欠之間的聯繫進行了研究,他說,使用TMS來研究是傳染性哈欠一種「新奇的方法」。
He added: "We still know relatively little about why we yawn. Various studies have proposed links between contagious yawning and empathy, yet the research supporting this connection is mixed and inconsistent.
他補充道:「對於為什麼打哈欠我們了解的還很少。」針對傳染性哈欠和共鳴之間的聯繫開展了很多研究,但是目前說法不一。
The current findings provide further evidence that yawn contagion may be unrelated to empathic processing.
「目前的研究結果進一步證明,打哈欠傳染可能與共鳴無關。」
psychologist /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理學家,心理學者
empathy /'empəθɪ/ n. 執著;感同身受;同感;共鳴
propose /prə'pəʊz/ v. 建議;打算,計劃
inconsistent /ɪnkən'sɪst(ə)nt/ adj. 不一致的;前後矛盾的
empathic /em'pæθɪk/ adj. 移情作用的;神入的;共鳴的
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