讀聖賢書，所學何事？而今而後，庶幾無愧。
Who will go nuclear next?
誰將是下一個擁有核武器的國家?
英文選自0203《經濟學人》leaders板塊
譯審：August, Claire, Echo 編輯：Robin
Consider the nuclear umbrella that America extends over Asian allies. It amounts to a promise that, should North Korea or China strike Seoul or Tokyo, America would retaliate against Pyongyang or Beijing. For decades, America could issue that threat confident that its own cities were out of range of North Korean missiles. Now they are not. An American strike on Pyongyang would put San Francisco at risk. That may make Mr Biden reluctant to act-- a calculation that could embolden Kim Jong Un to attack Seoul. No wonder that, particularly in times of crisis, most South Koreans say that they would like to see a return of the American tactical nuclear weapons withdrawn from their soil in 1991 or, failing that, an indigenous South Korean bomb.
想想美國為亞洲盟友們提供的核保護傘吧。這無異於一個承諾，要是朝鮮或中國打擊首爾或東京，美國將報復平壤或北京。幾十年來，美國發出這樣的威脅，確保自己的城市不在朝鮮飛彈的射程之內。然今非昔比，美國要是對平壤發動襲擊，舊金山將處於危險之中。這可能會讓拜登不願採取行動——這種盤算可能會鼓勵金正恩(Kim Jong Un)攻擊首爾。難怪，尤其是在這危機時刻，大多數韓國人都說，他們希望美國把1991年戰略性地從他們的領土上撤走的核武器再送回來，如果做不到這點的話，研製出韓國本土的核彈也行。
No wonder that, particularly in times of crisis, most South Koreans say that they would like to see a return of the American tactical nuclear weaponswithdrawn from their soil in 1991 or, failing that, an indigenous SouthKorean bomb.這句話稍難，句子成分比較複雜，難以劃分？
首先劃出句子的主幹部分，其餘的就是插入語成分。本句的主幹為「most South Koreans say that they like to see .」。即「大部分韓國人看到什麼事情發生」。No wonder that與「most South Koreans.」被插入語「particularly in times of crisis」分開，但這裡的含義很容易理解。「a return of the American tactical nuclear weapons withdrawn from their soil in 1991 or, failing that, an indigenous South Korean bomb」是核心謂語say後面從句中的動詞see所跟的賓語，只是這個賓語比一般賓語要複雜，不是單個詞語，而是句子，且分為兩個意思，即大多數韓國人一希望美國能在自己國家再次規劃核武器戰略，二（這裡用了「falling that」來表示，這是一個短語，表示」不然的話，做不到這點的話，不行的話「）即要是美國沒有這麼做，韓國也需要擁有自己的防禦武器才行。最後是句子理解難點：」a return of the American tactical nuclear weapons withdrawn from their soil in 1991「，將這句話分為兩部分，從weapons後斷開，後面的」 withdrawn from their soil in 1991「是對weapons的修飾，表示這些武器是美國1991年從他們國土上撤走的那些。
■單詞釋義
retaliate /rɪˈtælɪˌeɪt /
【v.】If you retaliate when someone harms or annoys you, you do something which harms or annoys them in return. 報復
embolden /ɪmˈboʊldən/
【v.】If you are emboldened by something, it makes you feel confident enough to behave in a particular way. 使有膽量；使有信心
indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/
【adj.】Indigenous people or things belong to the country in which they are found, rather than coming there or being brought there from another country.使有膽量；使有信心
■積累
no wonder難怪
in times of在……的時候
In democracies like South Korean, Japan and Taiwan, nuclear ambitions are tempered by political reality. The Middle East is different.The nuclear deal curtailing Iran’s nuclear programme is collapsing. Even if Mr Biden revives it, many of its provisions expire in a decade. Should Iran at any time look as if it is contemplating going nuclear, Saudi Arabia will not want to fall behind. Muhammad bin Salman, the Saudi crown prince, has few domestic checks on his authority and ambitious plans fro nuclear technology. Turkey could well follow.
在韓國、日本等民主國家以及中國臺灣地區，其核野心受到政治現實的制約。中東則不同。限制伊朗核計劃的核協議正在失效。即使拜登重啟了它，上面的許多條款也將在10年內失效。如果伊朗在任何時候看起來都在考慮發展核武器，沙烏地阿拉伯將不甘落於下風。沙特王儲穆罕默德•本•薩勒曼(Muhammad bin Salman)的個人權威和其雄心勃勃的核技術計劃幾乎沒有受到國內的制約。土耳其很可能會效仿。
■單詞釋義
curtail /kɜːˈteɪl /
【v.】If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it. 縮減
expire /ɪkˈspaɪə/
【v.】When something such as a contract, deadline, or visa expires, it comes to an end or is no longer valid. 到期；失效
If the nuclear order starts to unravel, it will be almost impossible to stop. Hence the importance of acting today. America, China, Europe and Russia share an interest in stopping proliferation. Russia does not want a nuclear Iran any more than America does. The prospect of a nuclear-armed Japan would be among China’s worst nightmares. The Iranian nuclear deal in 2015 showed that rivals can muster a response to proliferation.
一旦核秩序開始瓦解，就幾乎不可能停下來。因此，當下做出行動的重要性不言而喻。美國、中國、歐洲和俄羅斯在阻止核擴散方面有著共同的利益。俄羅斯和美國一樣都不希望看到一個擁有核武器的伊朗。擁有核武器的日本將是中國最可怕的噩夢之一。2015年的伊朗核協議表明，競爭對手能夠對核擴散做出反應。
■單詞釋義
unravel /ʌnˈrævəl /
【v.】If you unravel something that is knotted, woven, or knitted,or it it unravels, it becomes one straight piece again or separates into its different threads. 解開；拆散
proliferation /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/
【n.】the sudden increase in the number or amount of sth; a large number of a particular thing. 激增；湧現；增殖；大量的事物
muster /ˈmʌstə/
【v.】If you muster something such as support, strength, or energy, you gather as much of it as you can in order to do something.聚集（支持、力量、精力等）
The nuclear states should start with the basics. America and Russia still have 90% of the world’s nuclear warheads, so any effort begins with them. Now that New START will be extended, they should begin work on a successor that would include other weapons, such as hypersonic gliders and lower-yield warheads, which Russia has in abundance. More radical ideas should also be discussed. America operates a triad of nuclear forces: silos on land, submarines at sea and bombers in the air. Retiring the land-based missiles would demonstrate genuine progress towards disarmament, without eroding deterrence.
擁核國家應該從基礎做起。美國和俄羅斯仍然擁有世界上90%的核彈頭，所以任何努力都要從這些國家開始。既然要延長新的《削減戰略武器條約》，他們就應該開始著手開發包括其他武器在內的後續武器，比如高超音速滑翔機和低當量彈頭，俄羅斯擁有大量這些武器。應該討論更加激進的想法。美國擁有三位一體的核力量:陸地上的發射井、海上的潛艇和空中的轟炸機。退役陸基飛彈將顯示裁軍的真正進展，而不會削弱威懾力。
■單詞釋義
disarmament /dɪsˈɑːməmənt /
【n.】Disarmament is the act of reducing the number of weapons, especially nuclear weapons, that a country has. 裁減軍備（尤指核武器）
deterrence /dɪˈtɛrəns/
【n.】Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat. 威懾
Russia does not want a nuclear Iran any more than America does.
俄羅斯和美國一樣都不希望看到一個擁有核武器的伊朗。
這裡考察一個短語，not...any more than，即」同.一樣不「
I could not do that any more than you.你不能做這件事,我也不能做.
PS：另外，需要注意的是在翻譯外刊的時候，涉及政治問題需要翻譯妥當，比如文章中有一句話」In democracies like South Korean, Japan and Taiwan, nuclear ambitions are tempered by political reality.「
在韓國、日本等民主國家以及中國臺灣地區，其核野心受到政治現實的制約。
這裡不能將臺灣與韓國、日本放於同等地位進行翻譯，雖然原文是這個意思。實際上這在外刊中很常見，他們常常將我們國家的臺灣、香港、澳門地區作為國家來敘述，言語之間也常有內涵我國政治的意味。我們在閱讀時了解這一點即可。
ALP英語
2021.02.06
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