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之前,知新共學翻譯群裡有譯友說,希望我們能講一講關於公文翻譯的方法。正好我們翻譯團隊裡的小夥伴Linda(CATTI一級通過)長期在外事辦工作,之前也服務過我們的政府客戶,積累了豐富的公文翻譯經驗。
今天這篇分享就來自Linda。我們爭取做成一個系列,從選詞到組句,分享一些公文翻譯時的方法與思路。希望對大家有幫助。
今天先聊聊政府公文中經常出現的一個高頻詞的翻譯:「實踐」。
該系列往期推文
公文翻譯方法:高頻詞「圍繞」怎麼翻譯?
公文翻譯方法:高頻詞「人才」都怎麼翻譯?
最簡單的、最常見的是理論+實踐,這種情況下的「實踐」就是針對「理論」theory而言的practice,比如:
十八大以來,國內外形勢變化和我國各項事業發展都給我們提出了一個重大時代課題,這就是必須從理論和實踐結合上系統回答新時代堅持和發展什麼樣的中國特色社會主義、怎樣堅持和發展中國特色社會主義,
Since our 18th National Congress, changes both in and outside China, and the progress made in all areas of China’s endeavors, have presented us with a profound question—the question of an era. Our answer must be a systematic combination of theory and practice and must address what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics the new era requires us to uphold and develop, and how we should go about doing it.
「實踐」,也可以根據語境理解為「過往經驗做法」、「實驗」等,比如:
亞太經濟體通過自身發展實踐,對這一點有著深刻體會。
We the Asia-Pacific economies know this too well from our own development experience.
「有著深刻體會」說明這個「實踐」已經付諸現實,因此可以理解為「過往經驗做法」practice。
從亞歐大陸到非洲、美洲、大洋洲,共建「一帶一路」為世界經濟增長開闢了新空間,為國際貿易和投資搭建了新平臺,為完善全球經濟治理拓展了新實踐。
From the Eurasian continent to Africa, the Americas and Oceania, Belt and Road cooperation has opened up new space for global economic growth, produced new platforms for international trade and investment and offered new ways for improving global economic governance.
這句話也是在陳述一個已經發生的事實,「實踐」此處依然側重「經驗做法」的含義,故而處理成ways方式方法。
第三,這是增互鑑、促了解的有益實踐。
Third, this Programme is a useful experiment that enhances mutual learning and mutual understanding.
這句話出自劉曉明大使在「中英數學教師交流項目」新年招待會上的講話,在講到這個交流項目的三大意義時,劉大使說這了這樣一句話,此處的「實踐」更側重於「嘗試實驗」的意味,故處理成experiment。
還經常出現的是「實踐」+其他名詞,比如「實踐探索」,此時的「實踐」更多是表達一種動作,並沒有具體含義,只是在告訴讀者,我們這樣去做了。因此在這種情況下,翻譯的重點應放在其他名詞上,比如:
長徵途中,我們黨通過艱苦卓絕的實踐探索,成功把解決生存危機同拯救民族危亡聯繫在一起,把長徵的大方向同建立抗日前進陣地聯繫在一起,實現了國內革命戰爭向抗日民族戰爭的轉變,為奪取中國人民抗日戰爭勝利、進而奪取新民主主義革命勝利打下了堅實基礎。
During the Long March, through its tireless searching, the CPC was able to link its own fight for survival with the fight to save the nation, and link the overall direction of the Long March with the establishment of a forward position against Japanese aggression. In doing so, it shifted from a revolutionary fight within China to a national war of resistance against Japanese aggression, thus laying down a solid foundation for the Chinese people’s victory in the war of resistance and in turn the victory of the New Democratic Revolution.
實踐探索,重點在「探索」而非「實踐」。
黨的領導是人民當家作主和依法治國的根本保證,人民當家作主是社會主義民主政治的本質特徵,依法治國是黨領導人民治理國家的基本方式,三者統一於我國社會主義民主政治偉大實踐。
Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring that the people run the country and governance in China is law-based; that the people run the country is an essential feature of socialist democracy; and law-based governance is the basic way for the Party to lead the people in governing the country. These three elements are integral components of socialist democracy.
重點是「社會主義民主政治」而非「實踐」。
有時候,需要把「實踐」當做動作翻譯,常見於「某個方針路線的實踐」這樣的搭配,比如:
深入開展黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動、「三嚴三實」專題教育、「兩學一做」學習教育。
We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party's mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses and live up to Party standards.
開展教育實踐活動就是採取行動提高意識(「教育」)、執行路線(「實踐」),「教育」和「實踐」是兩個同等重要的動作,因此處理成動詞詞組put into practice。
我們要繼續全面準確貫徹「一國兩制」、「港人治港」、「澳人治澳」、高度自治的方針,嚴格依照憲法和基本法辦事,確保「一國兩制」在香港、澳門實踐不動搖、不走樣、不變形。
We will continue to implement, both to the letter and in spirit, the principle of 「one country, two systems,」 under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong, the people of Macao govern Macao, and both regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy. We will continue to act in strict compliance with China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions; and we will ensure that the principle of 「one country, two systems」 is steadfastly applied in Hong Kong and Macao without being bent or distorted.
這裡的「實踐」賓語是「一國兩制」,也處理成了動詞apply。
本系列未完待續。