The U.S. Supreme Court has temporarily blocked a lower court order requiring the Trump Justice Department to turn over to the House Judiciary Committee secret evidence compiled by the grand jury during the investigation by Special Counsel Robert Mueller last year.
美國最高法院暫時拒絕了下級法院要求把司法部審查川普一案的機密證據移交給眾議院司法委員會,這些證據是去年特別檢查官羅伯特·穆勒展開調查期間由陪審團整理的。
各位同學們,我們一起來學習一下今天的法律熱詞——
【法律熱詞】
Evidence
英[ˈevɪdəns] 美[ˈevɪdəns]
n.證據 用以證明未知的或有爭議的事實或主張的真實性的事實或方法。在英美證據法上,對在司法程序中提出的證據必須要具有關聯性〔relevancy〕和可採性〔admissibility〕方可用來證明案件事實,否則將依有關證據規則予以排除。其證據表現形式主要有言詞證據、實物證據、書面證據、司法認知等。
[n] one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true 證據;證明
Eg: The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the murder.
警方沒有發現任何證據證明這宗謀殺案和恐怖分子有關。
[adj] If something is secret, it is known about by only a small number of people, and is not told or shown to anyone else.;秘密的;機密的;保密的
Eg: The police have been trying to keep the documents secret.
警方一直設法將這些文件保密。
[n]
(1) A secret is a fact that is known by only a small number of people, and is not told to anyone else.秘密;機密;內情
Eg: I didn't want anyone to know about it, it was my secret.
我不想任何人知道這件事,這是我的秘密。
(2) If you say that a particular way of doing things is the secret of achieving something, you mean that it is the best or only way to achieve it.秘訣;訣竅
Eg: I learned something about writing. The secret is to say less than you need.
我學過一點寫作方面的技巧,秘訣就是欲說還休。
關於「移交機密證據」的相關英文表達:
移交機密證據 turn over the secret evidence
【熱詞的來龍去脈】
The withheld evidence was first requested more than a year ago, prior to the beginning of formal impeachment proceedings against President Trump, and his acquittal by the Senate this past February.
下級法院在一年多以前就已首次請求移交扣留的證件,這還早於正式開始對川普總統進行彈劾行動前,早於去年2月議會宣布川普無罪的時間。
Two lower courts ordered the evidence turned over to the House Judiciary Committee. The lower courts said that grand jury records are court records, not just Justice Department records, and that similar records in the past have been turned over to Congress as part of impeachment investigations.
兩家下級法院要求把證據移交給眾議院司法委員會。這兩家法院表示陪審團的案件記錄文件就是法院的記錄文件,不僅僅只是司法部的記錄文件。過去,同類型的記錄文件也被當作彈劾調查的一部分移交給議會。
The Trump administration, as it has in every other case involving Trump records and investigations, appealed to the Supreme Court, contending that the case presents "serious separation of powers concerns" that should be examined by the High Court.
正如川普政府在每個涉及川普記錄和調查的案件中所做的一樣,它向最高法院上訴,聲稱該案件出現了嚴重的權力分立問題,需要高等法院來審查。
The House, in a Supreme Court filing this week, told the justices that the information is still relevant to an "ongoing investigation" and could even lead to new impeachment charges against Trump.
眾議院在最高法院本周的文件中向法官表示,這些信息和仍在進行的調查有關,甚至會出現對川普新的彈劾罪名指控。
The House said that it was particularly interested in evidence regarding improper political influence over decisions made in the prosecution of Trump's longtime political adviser and friend Roger Stone, and the prosecution of former National Security Adviser Michael Flynn.
眾議院說它對川普的朋友兼多年政治顧問羅傑·斯通訴訟案和前任國家安全事物助理麥可·弗林訴訟案兩案中,能證明不良政治影響了兩案裁決的的有關證據特別感興趣。
Mueller's April 2019 report stopped short of determining whether there had been any obstruction of justice in the course of the Russia investigation. Attorney General William Barr did allow House Judiciary Committee members to review material that had been redacted from the publicly released version of the report.
穆勒在2019年4月的報告中不再決定這一俄羅斯調查案過程中是否有任何司法阻礙。司法部部長威廉·巴爾的確允許眾議院司法委員會成員審查由此報告公開版本編撰而成的材料。
But Barr refused to allow the committee access to evidence the department considered to be grand jury material.
但巴爾拒絕讓委員會得到被司法部當做是陪審團材料的證據。
"Those redactions bear on whether the president committed impeachable offenses by obstructing the FBI's and Special Counsel's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election and his possible motivations for doing so," the House said in its filing this week.
眾議院在本周提交的文件中表示:「這些編排好的文件和總統是否有阻礙聯邦調查局和特別檢察官調查俄羅斯幹預2016年大選,犯下可彈劾的罪行有關。」
The House went on to request that the Supreme Court leave the lower court orders intact, or, in the alternative, it asked the court to decide before the end of this term whether it will accept the case for review.
眾議院堅持要求最高法院維持下級法院的原指令,或者是另一種情況,要求法院在決定是否能接受案件審查前做出最終決定。
【熱詞知識點補充】
美國憲法第2條第4款規定,總統、副總統和合眾國的所有文職官員,凡受叛國、賄賂或其他重罪輕罪的彈劾並被判定有罪時,應被免職。如果有足夠多的議員投票認同總統犯有「叛國、受賄、或其他重罪與輕罪」,國會將可以罷免總統的職位。
彈劾流程:
第一階段 啟動彈劾調查;舉行首場公開聽證會。
第二階段 作出彈劾決定
眾議院司法委員會就彈劾理由是否充足投票。若未獲通過,眾議院仍可能舉行全體投票。
眾議院司法委員會如投票通過彈劾建議,將起草彈劾條款,每項條款均需司法委員會多數成員投票核准。眾議院就司法委員會提交的彈劾條款舉行全體辯論。眾議院就彈劾條款舉行全體投票,須簡單多數方可通過。
第三階段 審理準備
如眾議院通過彈劾條款,彈劾案將進入審理準備階段。眾議院任命一些議員作為「管理人」,充當「檢察官」角色,向參議院呈交彈劾條款。參議院充當「陪審團」。
美國聯邦最高法院首席大法官約翰·羅伯茨宣誓主持審理,並主持參議員宣誓。參議院討論制定審理程序準則。參議院向總統發出傳票,要求他在特定期限前對彈劾條款作出回應。
第四階段 審理
開庭陳述:國會眾議院任命的「管理人」和白宮律師團隊陳述案情,可能持續數日。
核查證據:國會參議院可能發出傳票、索要證據、盤問和交叉盤問證人。
結束庭辯:控辯雙方作最後陳述。
參議院討論:有可能閉門討論,不向公眾公開。
參議院就彈劾條款投票:各項彈劾條款須獲三分之二多數方能通過。
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