法律熱詞:美國允許法律畢業生「無證執業」用英文怎麼表達?

The American Bar Association Board of Governors approved a resolution late Tuesday that urges states to immediately adopt emergency rules authorizing recent law graduates unable to take a bar exam because of the coronavirus pandemic to engage in limited practice of law.

 

美國律師協會理事會（American Bar Association Board of Governors）周二晚間通過了一項決議，敦促各州立即通過多項緊急條例，授權因冠狀病毒大流行而無法參加律師考試的法學應屆畢業生參與受限的法律執業。

 

各位同學們，我們一起來學習一下今天的法律熱詞——

【法律熱詞】

 

Practice

      

英 [ˈpræktɪs]             美 [ˈpræktɪs]         

 

n.(1)慣常作法；慣例；習俗　(2)實施；實踐；實行；(理論知識的)應用　(3)(反覆)練習　(4)圖謀；策劃　(5)(律師或醫生的)業務；醫業；律師業　(6)訴訟程序(→procedure)

 

 

[n]

(1) You can refer to something that people do regularly as a practice .通常做法；常規；慣例

 

Eg: Some firms have cut workers' pay below the level set in their contract, a practice that is illegal in Germany.

一些公司把工人薪水減至低於合同規定的水平，這種做法在德國是非法的。

 

(2) Practice means doing something regularly in order to be able to do it better. A practice is one of these periods of doing something.練習；訓練

 

Eg: The defending world racing champion recorded the fastest time in a final practice today.

世界賽車衛冕冠軍在今天最後的訓練中創下了最快的紀錄。

 

(3) （醫生或律師的）業務活動，工作；宗教活動 The work done by doctors and lawyers is referred to as the practice of medicine and law. People's religious activities are referred to as the practice of a religion.

 

Eg: I eventually realized I had to change my attitude toward medical practice.

我終於認識到自己不得不改變對醫務工作的看法。

 

(4) 診所；律師事務所 A doctor's or lawyer's practice is his or her business, often shared with other doctors or lawyers.

 

Eg: My law practice isn't the most important thing in my life, you know.

你知道，我的律師事務所不是我生活裡最重要的事情。

 

 

關於「 無證執業」的相關英文表達：

 

無證執業

unlicensed practice/practice law without license

未取得律師資格證的情況下執業

practice law without bar/ passing the bar 

 

【熱詞的來龍去脈】

 

The ABA board resolution seeks to allow 2019 and 2020 graduates of association-approved law schools to practice under the supervision of a licensed attorney, if the July bar exam in their jurisdiction is canceled or postponed due to concerns about the virus, according to an ABA statement. The group’s recommendation also extends to judicial law clerks who graduated in prior years.

 

美國律師協會（ABA）的一份聲明稱，ABA董事會決議試圖允許2019年和2020年獲得協會批准的法學院畢業生在持證律師的監督下執業，如果7月份律師考試在他們所屬管轄範圍內因顧慮病毒而取消或推遲的話。專家組的建議也適用於前幾年畢業的司法書記員。

 

State bars already have been considering different types of fixes to deal with scheduled July bar exam dates. Some states have already postponed their scheduled July bar exam, while others are considering a delayed summer exam date, only allowing small test-taker groups, or enacting 「emergency diploma privileges,」 which would allow graduates to practice without taking an exam.

 

各州律師協會已經在考慮不同類型的解決措施，以應對定於7月份舉行的律師考試。一些州已經推遲了原定的7月份律師考試，而另一些州則考慮推遲夏季的考試日期，只允許小規模的考生團體參加，有一些州頒布「緊急文憑特權」，允許法律畢業生不參加考試就可以執業。

 

In late March, the National Conference of Bar Examiners also said it will decide by May 5 whether to offer the multistate bar and essay exams and its performance test on July 28 and 29 as scheduled.

 

3月下旬，全國律師大會還表示，將於5月5日前決定是否如期在7月28日和29日舉行多州的律師考試和論文考試。

 

Depending on the jurisdiction, either the highest court or a bar admission group typically regulates attorney licensing procedures. Some of those states also are beginning to lead the way in devising solutions similar to what the ABA is proposing. In just the last couple days, regulators in New Jersey and Arizona adopted rule changes similar to those put forth in the association’s resolution.

 

根據司法管轄權的不同，通常由最高法院或律師申請小組對律師許可程序進行監管。其中一些州也開始帶頭制定類似於美國律師協會提議的解決方案。就在最近幾天，新澤西州和亞利桑那州的監管機構通過了與該協會決議中提出的類似的條例修改。

 

At the same time, while authorities in Tennessee haven’t yet canceled or postponed its July bar exam, that state’s high court on April 2 ordered that qualified applicants, including those who graduate from law school between March 1 and July 24, and who meet certain other criteria, should have 「the opportunity to practice under supervision until the admission ceremonies in November 2021.」

 

與此同時，雖然田納西州當局尚未取消或推遲7月律師考試，但該州高等法院4月2日下令，合格的申請人，包括3月1日至7月24日從法學院畢業並符合其他特定標準的申請人，應該有「在2021年11月拿證儀式前在監督下執業的機會」。

 

New York has been especially proactive. On March 31, the highest court in the state delayed its July exam. Soon after, deans from Columbia Law School, New York University School of Law, Albany Law School, and other New York-based law schools proposed that members of this year’s graduating class should be allowed to skip the exam because of the outbreak.

 

紐約州已特別積極採取了措施。3月31日，該州最高法院推遲了7月份的考試。不久之後，哥倫比亞法學院、紐約大學法學院、奧爾巴尼法學院和紐約州的其他法學院院長提議，由於疫情，今年畢業班的學生應該允許暫時跳過考試。

 

「By justifiably postponing bar examinations, states are protecting law students and the public’s health, but the lives and careers of law graduates are being adversely affected,」 ABA President Judy Perry Martinez said in the statement. 「We are offering guidance to state bar admission authorities that will assist them while still taking every precaution to guarantee clients are competently and professionally served.」

 

美國律師協會主席朱迪·佩裡·馬丁內斯在聲明中說：「各州通過合理推遲律師考試，保護法學生和公眾的健康，但法律畢業生的生活和工作正受到不利影響。」「我們正向州律師申請機構提供指導，在協助法學生的同時，採取一切預防措施，以確保客戶得到合適和專業的服務。」

 

【熱詞知識點補充】

 

美國律師協會，是美國律師的全國性組織。始建於1878年，其創立宗旨在於推動法律科學、提高律師素質、完善司法管理、促進立法與裁判的統一性並加強其成員間的社會交流。

美國律師協會制定了律師與法官職業準則，組建了美國法律研究機構，創建了統一各州法律的委員會大會，創辦了《美國律師協會雜誌》，並負責全國範圍內的會員的一些日常事務，但沒有具體的管理職能。

今天，你學會了嗎？

 

 

 

 

 

 

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