褪黑素受體配體可調節晝夜節律
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/2/12 14:17:17
美國布法羅大學(SUNY)Margarita L. Dubocovich、北卡羅來納大學教堂山醫學院Bryan L. Roth和美國加州大學舊金山分校Brian K. Shoichet課題組合作揭示褪黑素受體配體調節晝夜節律的虛擬發現。2020年2月10日,《自然》在線發表了這一成果。
他們將超過1.5億個虛擬分子與MT1晶體結構對接,從而優先考慮結構配合和化學新穎性。合成並測試了38個高級分子,揭示了470 pM至6μM範圍內的配體。基於結構的優化產生了兩個選擇性的MT1反向激動劑,它們在拓撲結構上與以前探索的化學型無關,已在晝夜節律行為的小鼠模型中進行了測試。出乎意料的是,在主觀黃昏時給藥,MT1選擇性反向激動劑使小鼠生物鐘提前了1.3-1.5小時,在MT1中類似激動劑的作用消除,但在MT2敲除小鼠中卻沒有。這項研究說明了通過MT1選擇性配體調節褪黑激素受體生物學的機會,以及從各種超大型文庫的基於結構的篩選中發現新的體內活性化學型的機會。
據了解,神經調節褪黑素通過對兩個G蛋白偶聯受體MT1和MT2的作用來同步晝夜節律和相關的生理功能。夜間從松果體中有節律的釋放高水平的褪黑激素會激活下丘腦上眼瞼上核中的褪黑激素受體,使生理和行為與明暗循環同步。這兩種受體是使睡眠障礙和抑鬱症中的晝夜節律相一致的既定藥物靶標。儘管它們具有重要意義,但幾乎沒有體內活性MT1選擇性配體被報導,這阻礙了對晝夜節律生物學的理解和靶向療法的發展。
附:英文原文
Title: Virtual discovery of melatonin receptor ligands to modulate circadian rhythms
Author: Reed M. Stein, Hye Jin Kang, John D. McCorvy, Grant C. Glatfelter, Anthony J. Jones, Tao Che, Samuel Slocum, Xi-Ping Huang, Olena Savych, Yurii S. Moroz, Benjamin Stauch, Linda C. Johansson, Vadim Cherezov, Terry Kenakin, John J. Irwin, Brian K. Shoichet, Bryan L. Roth, Margarita L. Dubocovich
Issue&Volume: 2020-02-10
Abstract: The neuromodulator melatonin synchronizes circadian rhythms and related physiological functions via actions at two G protein-coupled receptors: MT1 and MT2. Circadian release of high nighttime levels of melatonin from the pineal gland activates melatonin receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, synchronizing physiology and behavior to the light-dark cycle1–4. The two receptors are established drug targets for aligning circadian phase in disorders of sleep5,6 and depression7,1–4,8,9. Despite their importance, few if any in vivo active MT1 selective ligands have been reported2,8,10–12, hampering both the understanding of circadian biology and the development of targeted therapeutics. Here we docked over 150 million virtual molecules against an MT1 crystal structure, prioritizing structural fit and chemical novelty. Thirty-eight high-ranking molecules were synthesized and tested, revealing ligands in the 470 pM to 6 μM range. Structure-based optimization led to two selective MT1 inverse agonists, topologically unrelated to previously explored chemotypes, that were tested in mouse models of circadian behavior. Unexpectedly, the MT1-selective inverse agonists advanced the phase of the mouse circadian clock by 1.3-1.5 hrs when given at subjective dusk, an agonist-like effect eliminated in MT1- but not in MT2-knockout mice. This study illustrates opportunities for modulating melatonin receptor biology via MT1-selective ligands, and for the discovery of new, in vivo-active chemotypes from structure-based screens of diverse, ultra-large libraries.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2027-0
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2027-0