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東北農業大學資環學院馬獻發副教授團隊採取不同比例的硫酸鋁與不同類型肥料的組合施用於東北松嫩平原鹽鹼土壤稻田,以改善土壤質量,為未來的利用提供科學依據。相關成果發表於Journal of Soils and Sediments (IF=2.452)。
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Purpose
Serious soil salinization, including excessive exchangeable sodium and high pH, significantly decreases land productivity. Reducing salinity and preventing alkalization in saline-sodic soils by comprehensive improvement practices are urgently required. The combinations of aluminum sulfate with different types of fertilizer at different rates were applied on rice paddy with saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China to improve soil quality and its future utilization.
Materials and methods
Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design. Twelve treatments with aluminum sulfate at the rates of 0, 250, 500, and 750 kg·hm2 with inorganic, bio-organic, and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers were performed. Soil pH, electronic conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), total alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nutrients, soluble ions, rice growth, and yield in the saline-sodic soils were measured across all treatments. The relationships among the measured soil attributes were determined using one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and systematic cluster analysis.
Results and discussion
The pH, EC, ESP, total alkalinity, SAR, Na+, CO32, and HCO3 in saline-sodic soil were significantly decreased, while CEC, SOC, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), K+, and SO42 were significantly increased due to the combined application of aluminum sulfate with fertilizer compared with the fertilizer alone. The most effective treatment in reducing salinity and preventing alkalization was aluminum sulfate at a rate of 500 kg hm2 with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. This treatment significantly decreased the soil pH, EC, ESP, total alkalinity, SAR, Na+, and HCO3 by 5.3%, 28.9%, 41.1%, 39.3%, 22.4%, 23.5%, and 35.9%, but increased CEC, SOC, AN, AP, AK, K+, SO42, rice height, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and yield by 77.5%, 115.5%, 106.3%, 47.1%, 43.3%, 200%, 40%, 6.2%, 43.9%, 20.3%, and 42.2%, respectively, compared with CK treatment in the leaching layer.
Conclusions
The combined application by aluminum sulfate at a rate of 500 kg·hm2 with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is an effective amendment of saline-sodic soils in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. These results are likely related to the leaching of Na+ from the soil leaching layer to the salt accumulation layer and desalination in the surface soil, and the increase of SOC improved the colloidal properties and increased fertilizer retention in soil. In addition, the environmental impact of aluminum sulfate applied to soil needs to be further studied.
嚴重的土壤鹽漬化(過量的可交換鈉和高pH值)顯著降低了土地生產力,迫切需要通過綜合改進措施降低鹽鹼土壤的鹽度並防止鹼化。採取不同比例的硫酸鋁與不同類型肥料的組合施用於東北松嫩平原鹽鹼土壤稻田,以改善土壤質量,為未來的利用提供科學依據。試驗採取完全隨機區組設計。共設計12種處理,分別為無機肥料、生物有機肥料和有機-無機復混肥料與硫酸鋁(添加量為0、250、500和750 kg·hm-2)配施。測定不同處理中的土壤pH、電子電導率(EC)、陽離子交換容量(CEC)、可交換鈉百分比(ESP)、總鹼度、鈉吸附比(SAR),土壤有機碳(SOC)、可利用養分、可溶性離子、水稻的生長狀況及產量。使用單向方差分析、相關分析和系統聚類分析確定所測定的的土壤屬性之間的關係。結果表明,與單獨施用肥料相比,硫酸鋁與肥料配施的處理下鹽鹼土壤中的pH、EC、ESP、總鹼度、SAR、Na+,CO32-和HCO3-顯著降低,而CEC、SOC、有效氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、有效鉀(AK)、K+和SO42-顯著升高。降低鹽度和防止鹼化的最佳處理為硫酸鋁500 kg·hm-2、有機-無機復混肥施用。與浸出層中的對照處理相比,該處理顯著降低了土壤pH、EC、ESP、總鹼度、SAR、Na+和HCO3-,降幅分別為5.3%、28.9%、41.1%、39.3%、22.4%、23.5%和35.9%,但增加了CEC、SOC、AN、AP、AK、K+、SO42-、稻米高度、結實率、千粒重、產量,增幅分別為77.5%、115.5%、106.3%、47.1%、43.3%、200%、40%、6.2%、43.9%、20.3%和42.2%。500 kg·hm-2硫酸鋁與有機-無機復混肥配施,是松嫩平原鹽鹼地土壤的有效改良方法。這可能與Na+從土壤淋溶層向鹽分堆積層的浸出和表層土壤中的脫鹽有關,而SOC的增加則提高了土壤的膠體含量,進而提高養分保留。此外,硫酸鋁對土壤的環境影響還需要進一步的研究。