概要
INTRODUCTION
近日，絲路智谷研究院首席顧問馮達旋教授撰寫英文文章，討論亞太高等教育的前景和面臨的挑戰，指出管理是關鍵。
01
全文翻譯
過去數月，關於亞太高等教育的令人振奮的消息繼續在全球教育雷達屏上閃爍。就算用挑剔的眼光來看，新加坡國立大學等亞太高校在眾多國際排行榜上的崛起也不容小覷。
此外在中國，一些新式的非傳統大學出現，如西湖大學、南方科技大學和最近成立的香港科技大學（廣州），引起了全世界高等教育者的關注和想像。
這三個機構中的最後一個特別吸引人。人們會自然思考廣州校區與香港校區的管理架構是否存在差異。
我有一個朋友，他是加州大學伯克利分校最頂尖的化學家之一，如今已經退休。他曾告訴我，在50年代他還是伯克利大學的年輕助理教授的時候，有這麼一個說法：加州大學洛杉磯分校是那些無法達到加州大學伯克利分校超高標準的年輕教師的「保護傘」。
在21世紀，全球普遍認為加州大學伯克利分校和洛杉磯分校在各個方面旗鼓相當，學術上也不相上下。並且，洛杉磯分校還擁有一所實力強大的醫學院，伯克利分校則沒有，很可能以後也不會有。
有很多原因塑造了如今的加州大學伯克利分校和洛杉磯分校的現狀，其中一個可追溯到由加州大學總校長克拉克·克爾和加州州長帕特·布朗聯手制定的、具有深遠意義的「加州高等教育路線圖」。不僅伯克利分校和洛杉磯分校擁有同等聲譽，加州大學的其它分校，如聖地牙哥分校和聖塔芭芭拉分校，也不甘落後。
如此一來，香港科技大學的香港校區和廣州校區是否會變成和如今的加州大學伯克利分校和洛杉磯分校一樣，不相上下。還是像半世紀前那樣相差甚遠？
西湖大學也同樣值得關注。它由世界著名科學家施一公教授創辦，是一所私立大學。在中國，私立大學還遠未得到如美國、日本和韓國那樣的普及。因此，施一公是否與加州理工學院的創始人—1923年諾貝爾物理學獎得主羅伯特·米利坎—具有同樣的心態呢？這是一個有趣的問題。
一個重要的問題是：西湖大學能否抵制常見的中國式誘惑——將「普遍」等同於「優秀」？在加州理工學院，不僅米利坎的願景至關重要，所有後來的加州理工學院校長也遵循創始人的一般準則，這也是非常關鍵的。
這些只是亞太地區創新型高等院校所面臨的一小部分挑戰。幸運或不幸的是，它們是否會成功，這將在一定程度上得到及時回答，而在某種程度上即將或已經建立的最佳管理體系也可以回答此問題。當然，時間會說明一切。
我在高等院校進行過多場演講，其中最喜歡的一句話就是：「高等教育是一個國家的脈搏。當它強勁時，國家也如此！」 亞太地區高等院校如今的發展無疑給人一種卓越的新時代即將到來的興奮之情。
大約4年前，我在馬來西亞雙威大學的演講中，總結了當時我對亞洲高等教育的看法，提到了許多激動人心的發展，也說明了這種形勢下所要面臨的挑戰。
在黎明到來之際，也許應該重提我的話以提醒人們：儘管未來無疑是光明的，但我們也不應被光蒙蔽雙眼，忽略了為解決挑戰所需要的持續的努力。
最後一點，一個地區的高等教育的決策者必須闡明高等教育的目的。
02
英文原文
Optimisms and Challenges of Higher
Education in Asia Pacific,
Governance is a Question
Da Hsuan Feng
In the past few months, exciting news about higher education from Asia Pacific continues to blink on the global educational radar screen. Even taken with a large grain of salt, the surging of universities such as the National University of Singapore in many of the global rankings simply cannot be discounted.
In addition, in China, new, exciting and unconventional endeavors such as Westlake University ( 西 湖 大 學 ), Southern University of Science and Technology ( 南 方 科 技 大 學 ) and, most recently, the creation of the Guangzhou Campus of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (香港 科 技 大 學 （ 廣 州 ）) have all captured the attention and the imaginations of the world of higher educators.
The last of these three institutions is particularly intriguing. A natural question would immediately arise, for example, regarding the governance structure between the Guangzhou campus of HKUST and the campus in Hong Kong.
I had a friend who was one of the top but retired chemists from UC Berkeley. He told me that in the 50’s when he was a young assistant professor at Berkeley, he was told that UCLA would be the 「security blanket」 for any young faculty members who could not attain the ultra-high standard demanded by UC Berkeley.
Of course, in the 21st century, the global perception is that UC Berkeley and UCLA are equal in all dimensions, certainly in terms of intellectual prowess. Furthermore, UCLA has a powerful medical school which UC Berkeley does not and probably will not have.
There are many reasons why UC Berkeley and UCLA are what they are today. One of them can certainly be traced to the profound 「California Higher Education Road Map」 set up by the UC System President Clark Kerr and the Governor Pat Brown. Indeed, not only is UC Berkeley and UCLA
enjoy equal reputation, many other UC campuses, such as UC San Diego, UC Santa Barbara, also are not far behind!
With this in mind, would HKUST-HK and HKUST-Guangzhou be equal in the sense of UCLA and UC Berkeley of today, or will the two campuses of HKUST be top down in the sense of domination by the so-called flagship campus of UC Berkeley more than half a century ago?
The issue of Westlake University is equally intriguing and exciting. As a private university in China’s higher education landscape, it is the brainchild of Professor Yigong Shi, a world class scientist. Private universities in China have not thus far enjoyed the popular perception of many of the similar ones in the United States, Japan and South Korea. In this sense, it would be interesting to ask whether Shi would have the same frame of mind as one of the founders of California Institute of Technology, the 1923 Nobel laureate in physics, Robert Millikan.
The million dollar question certainly is as follows: Can Westlake University resist the normal Chinese temptation to equate 「massive is outstanding」? Also, as in Caltech, not only the vision of Millikan was critical, so was all the subsequent presidents of Caltech who all followed the general dictum of the founders.
These are but a small sample of the challenges facing these innovative institutions of higher learning in Asia Pacific. Fortunately, or unfortunately, whether they will be successful or not would be answered partly in time, and partly by the best possible governance structure they are about to or had set up. Certainly, time will tell.
As one of my favorite phrases in many of my speeches I delivered on higher education: 「Higher education is the pulse of a nation. When it is strong, so is the nation!」 What is happening in Asia Pacific certainly gives one the feeling that a new era of excitement and excellence is at its dawn.
Approximately 4 years ago, in my talk in Malaysia’s Sunway University, I summarized how I felt about the higher education landscape in Asia then. In my talk, I mentioned many of the excitement but also the challenges of such a landscape.
At the dawning era, maybe it is appropriate to recapture what I have said as a reminder that while the future is undoubtedly bright, one should not be overwhelmed by the brightness and neglect to effort to be constantly on guard to seek mitigations of the challenges.
Ultimately, the policy makers of higher education in the region must make it transparently clear as to what is the purpose of higher education.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb6n70kHuoU&t=1089s
馮達旋|絲路智谷研究院 首席顧問
核子與核天文物理、量子光學與數學物理領域的專家，在美國和臺灣多間大學及企業服務超過30年，曾出任M. Russell Wehr講座物理教授、美國國家科學基金理論物理組主任、美國德州大學達拉斯分校研究副校長兼任物理系教授、美國五百強企業SAIC任副總裁、臺灣清華大學與成功大學資深副校長等職。
原標題：《馮達旋：亞太高等教育的前景和挑戰》
閱讀原文