官宣：2020東京奧運會推遲至2021年
新冠肺炎肆虐全球之際，國際體壇進入了前所未有的「空窗期」。剛剛過去的一周時間裡，歐洲五大聯賽、歐冠和歐聯、職業網球、花滑世錦賽等世界體壇一系列重量級賽事紛紛按下了「暫停鍵」。
最新一期經濟學人上有篇文章對此進行了報導，文章標題叫做Cancelling sport will dent morale. A solution may be needed. 取消賽事將打擊士氣，必須採取措施。
其中dent morale表示「打擊士氣；挫傷士氣」。
這一觀點我們暫不作評價，先來看文中的這幾句話：
01
多項賽事取消對經濟造成重大影響
經濟學人原文：
The economic implications will be significant. Sport is a big business. As well as attending games, American fans buy around $15bn of sports merchandise annually. Globally, many fans pay to subscribe to a sports channel to watch games: the global audience for English Premier League football was 3.2bn people last season in 188 countries.
高齋參考譯文：
這將對經濟產生重大影響。體育賽事已成為一項重要產業。在美國，體育粉絲不僅會買票觀看比賽，平均每年花在體育用品上的總金額高達150億美元。從全球範圍來看，大量粉絲會訂閱體育頻道觀看比賽，如上個賽季英格蘭超級聯賽（English Premier League football）觀眾人數達到32億，遍布全球188個國家。
1. 固定表達：economic implications是固定表達，表示「經濟影響」。The economic implications will be significant可以當作一個固定表達來記，表示「對經濟產生重大影響」。
implications可以說impacts，其實這裡說的是不好影響，也可以說consequences或fallout；
fallout可以表示不良後果，如金融時報上這句：
But the fallout from a collapse in the mortgage and lending markets could shake fragile consumer confidence further.
然而，抵押和貸款市場崩盤的影響，可能會進一步動搖本已脆弱的消費者信心。
Significant也可以說substantial或considerable。
這句話也可以說This will have significant economic implications。
2. a big business：一大產業；一個大生意；一個重要業務。如《華爾街日報》例句：
ETFs, which typically track market indexes, have become a big business for banks.
ETF一般指跟蹤市場指數，已經成為銀行業的一塊重要業務。
今天這句話中的Sport is a big business意思是體育賽事已經不單單是比賽，已經變成一項產業。
3. As well as attending games中as well as作介詞，後面接doing或原型，意為「除了……之外，不僅，還有」，相當於in addition to doing sth。如金融時報例句：
As well as trying to master the Chinese language, Mr Zuckerberg has entertained China’s chief censor at his San Francisco home.
除了努力學習中文，扎克伯格還在舊金山的家中款待中國審查機構負責人。
As well as的更多用法看這裡：
4. American fans buy around $15bn of sports merchandise annually：buy+xxx+of sth也可以說spend+xxx+on sth，所以American fans spend around $15bn on sports merchandise annually。
5. 翻譯思維：attend games的理解。注意這裡不要翻譯為「參加比賽；出席比賽」，對於粉絲來說，他們的attend就是買票進場觀看比賽。所以我把attending games翻譯為「買票觀看比賽」。
6. sports merchandise：體育用品。也可以說sporting goods。這裡是在強調體育賽事是一項產業，可以帶來經濟效益，所以用merchandise，但是不要說「體育商品」。
subscribe to表示「訂閱」之意時，可以表示訂閱頻道、欄目、服務、報刊等等。
subscribe to還可以表示定期向……捐款，如：
I subscribe to a few favourite charities.
我定期向幾個中意的慈善機構捐款。
subscribe to還可以表示同意：
We subscribe to the resolution.
我們贊同這項決議。
subscribe to也可以表示支持，如：
As a Liberal Democrat I subscribe to the internationalist approach.
作為自由民主黨成員，我支持國際主義路線。
7. 固定搭配：「……的觀眾」是the audience for ...。注意介詞搭配是for。如路透社報導：
Television ratings indicate that nearly 43 percent of the audience for general entertainment channels over the last two years is male.
電視收視率調查顯示，過去兩年間，普通娛樂頻道近43%的觀眾是男性。
8. last season中的season表示「賽季」，在體育賽事中season指「賽季」。
02
東京奧運會推遲至2021年舉辦
人民網報導：當地時間3月24日，國際奧委會宣布原計劃於今年7月24日至8月9日進行的第三十二屆奧運會推遲至2021年舉辦，賽事名稱依舊為「東京2020年奧運會和帕運會」。
路透社報導：
After weeks of speculation and mounting criticism at the delay in announcing a postponement, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach agreed the event would be rescheduled for the summer of 2021 at the latest.
高齋參考譯文：
數周以來，日本首相安倍晉三和國際奧委會主席巴赫在延遲奧運會一事上遲遲未能作出決定，質疑和批評之聲愈演愈烈，二人最終宣布延遲2020東京奧運會，最晚將在2021年夏天舉辦。
1. speculation and mounting criticism：質疑和批評之聲愈演愈烈。
在此之前，安倍和巴赫的態度是奧運會將如期舉行，不會考慮延期。如經濟學人上這句：
Despite mounting doubts from athletes and sporting federations, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) would not contemplate a delay: 「The Tokyo games will and must go on.」
這裡doubts和speculation表示同一含義，注意介詞搭配，某人的置疑是doubts from。mounting在這裡是形容詞，mounting ...也可以說growing。
mounting可以表示加大，在CATTI和MTI報告漢譯英裡面經常見：mounting downward pressure on the economy經濟下行壓力加大。
「would not contemplate a delay」意思就是「不會考慮延期」，其中delay可以替換為postponement。
「contemplate」還可以用consider。如bbc報導：
The IOC had given itself a deadline of four weeks to consider delaying the Games but there had been mounting pressure from a host of Olympic committees and athletes demanding a quicker decision.
這句話中consider delaying the Games和contemplate a delay是同一含義的不同表達，大家要學會同義詞替換。
其中「推遲」除了用postpone之外，還可以說put off，delay；或者用名詞postponement，delay。
A. 經濟學人上有篇文章的標題就叫作：
It’s official: coronavirus puts off the Tokyo Olympics
B. cnbc報導：
The 2020 Olympics will be delayed about a year due to the coronavirus pandemic, officials announced Tuesday.
其中due to也可以說because of，amid。如cnbc報導：
Tokyo 2020 Olympics are postponed amid coronavirus pandemic.
C. bbc在報導多項體育賽事取消時有這麼一句話：
Canada became the first major country to withdraw from both events on Sunday, while USA Track and Field, athletics' US governing body, had also called for a postponement.
加拿大是第一個退出這兩項重要賽事的國家，美國田徑協會（USA Track and Field，美國田徑管理機構）也呼籲推遲比賽。
call for postponing the Games和call for a postponement表達同一含義。
2. 同義表達：be rescheduled for the summer of 2021 at the latest意思是「最晚將在2021年夏天舉辦」，be rescheduled for是一個固定表達，表示「計劃在另一時間舉行/舉辦/進行」，原計劃在某一時間舉行就是be scheduled for。
A. 如cnbc報導：
The Paralympic Games had been scheduled for Aug. 25 to Sept. 6.
B. 路透社報導：
This would mean the Games, scheduled for July 24-Aug. 9, are likely to be held in the summer of 2021.
「最晚將在什麼時候舉辦」還可以說take place no later than ...其中take place是主動，表示句型，如果是被動，就用be held。如bbc上的這句：
The event, due to begin on 24 July, will now take place "no later than summer 2021".
其中due to do sth是一個固定搭配，表示「按計劃；原計劃……」。
如路透社例句：
The British premiere of the movie was due to take place in London on Tuesday. Warner Bros. declined to comment.
這部影片原計劃周二在倫敦首映，華納兄弟拒絕置評。
紐約時報上有句話是這麼說的：
Bach and Abe bowed to a groundswell of resistance and formally postponed the Games, which had been scheduled to begin in late July, until 2021.
所以「due to begin on 24 July」完全可以替換為scheduled to begin on 24 July，scheduled to begin in late July，scheduled for July 24-Aug. 9。
其中「-」表示to的含義；注意介詞搭配，具體到某一天是on，on 24 July；在某月或某月的某個時段是in，即in late July。
補充：bow to本意是「向……鞠躬」，引申為「向……屈服；屈從於」之意。如bow to international pressure屈從於國際壓力。
a groundswell of也是一個固定搭配，表示「……呼聲/風潮/浪潮高漲」，表示多的含義，具體含義根據語境確定。如《華爾街日報》例句：
Yet there's hardly a groundswell of support for this view.
但是並沒有太多人支持這種觀點。
自1896年第一屆現代奧林匹克運動會舉辦以來，還從未有過奧運會被推遲的先例。只有1916年柏林奧運會、1940年東京奧運會、1944年倫敦奧運會因為一戰和二戰被取消。正如原文所說：
It is the first break in the four-year cycle for the summer Olympics since the 1940 and 1944 Games were cancelled because of World War Two.
其中the four-year-cycle在這裡表示「四年一屆的」。
「第一次延遲舉行」還可以有多種表達，比如：
A. 路透社：
Major sporting nations Australia and Canada withdrew on Monday as organisers came under global pressure to postpone the event for the first time in its 124-year modern history.
to postpone the event for the first time in its 124-year modern history即「在1896年第一屆現代奧林匹克運動會舉辦以來的124年間，這是第一次延遲舉辦奧運會」。
B. 路透社：
The Olympics have never before been delayed, though they were cancelled altogether in 1916, 1940 and 1944 during the two world wars.
C. bbc：
The Olympics have never been delayed in their 124-year modern history, though they were cancelled altogether in 1916, 1940 and 1944 during World War One and World War Two.
D. usatoday：
While the Olympics have previously been canceled during periods of war, and complicated by boycotts, this is the first time they have ever been suspended.
03
推遲奧運給日本帶來多大損失
這兩段大家泛讀下吧：
One reason the IOC took longer to make the decision was because it wanted to have a plan of action. Many of the arenas, sports centers, and hotels in and around Tokyo have special use agreements for the games, which were to open on July 24. Remaking those agreements is doable, but will come at a cost. Tokyo has alreadyspent a reported $28 billion to hold the games.
An Olympics postponement would be a blow for host country Japan, which haspumped in more than $12 billion of investment, and huge sums are also at stake for sponsors and broadcasters.
損失再大，也沒有人們的健康和生命安全重要，正如國際帕運會主席安德魯·帕森斯（Andrew Parsons）所言：
「The health and well-being of human life must always be our number one priority.Sport is not the most important thing right now, preserving human life is.」
「人們的健康和福祉一直是我們的重中之重。當下，體育賽事不是關鍵，保障生命安全才是最重要的事。」
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