小膠質細胞吞噬髓鞘以改變發育性髓鞘形成
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/7/8 8:59:45
美國科羅拉多大學Bruce Appel研究組近日取得一項新成果。他們發現小膠質細胞吞噬髓鞘以改變發育性髓鞘形成。 該研究於2020年7月6日發表於《自然—神經科學》。
為了確定小膠質細胞是否也參與髓鞘的清除,研究人員使用斑馬魚來可視化和探索發育過程中小膠質細胞、少突膠質細胞和神經元之間的相互作用。研究人員發現小膠質細胞與少突膠質細胞,特別是吞噬細胞髓磷脂鞘緊密相關。通過聯合使用光學、遺傳、化學和行為學的方法,研究揭示了神經元活動雙向平衡了與小膠質細胞有關的神經元細胞體和視頂蓋中髓鞘磷脂的吞噬作用。
此外,多種減少小膠質細胞的方法會導致少突膠質細胞數量過多和異位髓磷脂的產生。該工作揭示了神經膠質細胞在調控少突膠質細胞髓鞘定向發展過程中的神經元活性調節作用。
據介紹,在發育過程中,少突膠質細胞與髓鞘磷脂接觸並包裹神經元軸突。與神經元和突觸類似,發育過程中產生的多餘髓鞘會被選擇性清除,但是尚不清楚其清除機制。小膠質細胞是中樞神經系統的固有免疫細胞,其吞噬了多餘的神經元和突觸。
附:英文原文
Title: Microglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination
Author: Alexandria N. Hughes, Bruce Appel
Issue&Volume: 2020-07-06
Abstract: During development, oligodendrocytes contact and wrap neuronal axons with myelin. Similarly to neurons and synapses, excess myelin sheaths are produced and selectively eliminated, but how elimination occurs is unknown. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, engulf surplus neurons and synapses. To determine whether microglia also prune myelin sheaths, we used zebrafish to visualize and manipulate interactions between microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons during development. We found that microglia closely associate with oligodendrocytes and specifically phagocytose myelin sheaths. By using a combination of optical, genetic, chemogenetic, and behavioral approaches, we reveal that neuronal activity bidirectionally balances microglial association with neuronal cell bodies and myelin phagocytosis in the optic tectum. Furthermore, multiple strategies to deplete microglia resulted in oligodendrocytes maintaining excessive and ectopic myelin. Our work reveals a neuronal activity-regulated role for microglia in modifying developmental myelin targeting by oligodendrocytes. Microglia refine the developing CNS by engulfing excess neurons and synapses. Hughes and Appel here show that microglia also prune myelin sheaths in a neuronal activity-regulated manner to sculpt developmental myelination.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0654-2
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0654-2