科學家揭示如何讓實驗小鼠的免疫力野生化
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/8/3 23:47:30
近日,美國國立衛生研究院的Stephan P. Rosshart研究組合作揭示了由野生小鼠生的實驗小鼠具有天然的微生物菌群,並能模擬人類的免疫反應。該研究於2019年8月2日發表於國際學術期刊《科學》上。
實驗小鼠的研究對於理解基本的生物現象至關重要,但也有其局限性。這包括由於不同的微生物群與有限的轉化研究價值所引起的相互矛盾的結果。為了解決這兩個缺點,研究人員將C57BL/6胚胎移植到野生小鼠體內,創造了「野生鼠」。這些小鼠全身上下都具有天然的微生物菌群和病原體,並具有C57BL/6小鼠的可控遺傳背景。野生鼠的細菌群、真菌群以及病毒群影響了多個器官的免疫狀態。其腸道微生物組壓制了實驗微生物組,並顯示出對環境挑戰的適應力。野生鼠在兩個臨床前研究中模擬出人類的免疫響應,但傳統實驗小鼠卻不行。因此,一個具有天然微生物組與病原體的模型可以增強生物醫學研究的可重複性,並能夠增加臨床轉化的安全性與免疫學研究的成功性。
附:英文原文
Title: Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses
Author: Stephan P. Rosshart, Jasmin Herz, Brian G. Vassallo, Ashli Hunter, Morgan K. Wall, Jonathan H. Badger, John A. McCulloch, Dimitrios G. Anastasakis, Aishe A. Sarshad, Irina Leonardi, Nicholas Collins, Joshua A. Blatter, Seong-Ji Han, Samira Tamoutounour, Svetlana Potapova, Mark B. Foster St. Claire, Wuxing Yuan, Shurjo K. Sen, Matthew S. Dreier, Benedikt Hild, Markus Hafner, David Wang, Iliyan D. Iliev, Yasmine Belkaid, Giorgio Trinchieri, Barbara Rehermann
Issue&Volume: Vol 365 Issue 6452
Abstract: Laboratory mouse studies are paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena but also have limitations. These include conflicting results caused by divergent microbiota and limited translational research value. To address both shortcomings, we transferred C57BL/6 embryos into wild mice, creating 「wildlings.」 These mice have a natural microbiota and pathogens at all body sites and the tractable genetics of C57BL/6 mice. The bacterial microbiome, mycobiome, and virome of wildlings affect the immune landscape of multiple organs. Their gut microbiota outcompete laboratory microbiota and demonstrate resilience to environmental challenges. Wildlings, but not conventional laboratory mice, phenocopied human immune responses in two preclinical studies. A combined natural microbiota- and pathogen-based model may enhance the reproducibility of biomedical studies and increase the bench-to-bedside safety and success of immunological studies.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4361
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6452/eaaw4361
Science:《科學》,創刊於1880年。隸屬於美國科學促進會,最新IF:41.037