綜述:突觸處相分離現象

綜述：突觸處相分離現象

作者：

小柯機器人

發布時間：2020/2/11 10:31:22

香港科技大學張明傑綜述了突觸處相分離現象。相關論文於020年2月3日在線發表在國際學術期刊《自然—神經科學》上。

液-液相分離是指在另一種稀釋的水溶液中形成濃縮分子組裝體的現象。越來越多的研究表明，液-液相分離是細胞組織高度濃縮生物組裝體（也稱為生物濃縮物或無膜隔室）的一種手段，在不同亞細胞結構具有非常廣泛的功能和調控特性。指示神經元突觸前和突觸後的突觸傳遞分子機制也可能是通過這樣的生物凝結物實現的。 研究人員回顧了這個領域的最新進展，這些進展揭示了相分離是如何建立密集的突觸分子簇，並強調了突觸形成和信號傳導背景下這種凝聚簇的獨特特徵，還討論了異常相分離介導的突觸組裝是如何導致精神疾病患者信號傳導的異常；最後，為相分離在突觸生物學的應用提出了一些機遇和挑戰。

附：英文原文

Title: Phase separation at the synapse

Author: Xudong Chen, Xiandeng Wu, Haowei Wu, Mingjie Zhang

Issue&Volume: 2020-02-03

Abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that liquid–liquid phase separation, the formation of a condensed molecular assembly within another diluted aqueous solution, is a means for cells to organize highly condensed biological assemblies (also known as biological condensates or membraneless compartments) with very broad functions and regulatory properties in different subcellular regions. Molecular machineries dictating synaptic transmissions in both presynaptic boutons and postsynaptic densities of neuronal synapses may be such biological condensates. Here we review recent developments showing how phase separation can build dense synaptic molecular clusters, highlight unique features of such condensed clusters in the context of synaptic development and signaling, discuss how aberrant phase-separation-mediated synaptic assembly formation may contribute to dysfunctional signaling in psychiatric disorders, and present some challenges and opportunities of phase separation in synaptic biology.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0579-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0579-9