HP1蛋白促進異染色質相分離
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/10/17 14:03:18
美國加州大學舊金山分校G. J. Narlikar和J. D. Gross等研究人員合作發現HP1蛋白重塑核小體核心,從而促進異染色質相分離。2019年10月16日,國際知名學術期刊《自然》在線發表了這一成果。
研究人員發現由裂殖酵母HP1蛋白Swi6產生的染色質緊縮會導致相分離的液體濃縮物。值得注意的是,研究人員進一步發現Swi6大大增加了核小體中掩蓋組蛋白殘基的可及性和動態。限制這些動態會損害Swi6染色質在液滴中的緊實度。這些結果表明,Swi6通過一個反常機制(即動態暴露掩蓋的核小體區域)將寡聚化與染色質的相分離聯繫在一起。
研究人員認為,通過Swi6對八聚體核心的這種重塑增加了核小體之間多價相互作用的機會,從而促進了相分離。這種機制可能更普遍地驅動染色質組織,而不僅僅是異染色質。
據悉,異染色質在多個尺度上影響基因組功能。它能夠實現可遺傳的基因抑制,維持染色體完整性並為細胞核提供機械剛度。已經提出這些多樣化的功能一定程度上由染色質的壓縮引起。主要類型的異染色質在其核心處包含HP1蛋白與染色質之間形成的複合物,該複合物在組蛋白H3賴氨酸9(H3K9me)上被甲基化。HP1被認為利用寡聚來將染色質壓緊成相分離的濃縮物。目前,尚不清楚HP1介導的相分離與染色質壓縮的關係。
附:英文原文
Title: HP1 reshapes nucleosome core to promote heterochromatin phase separation
Author: S. Sanulli, M. J. Trnka, V. Dharmarajan, R. W. Tibble, B. D. Pascal, A. L. Burlingame, P. R. Griffin, J. D. Gross, G. J. Narlikar
Issue&Volume: 2019-10-16
Abstract:
Heterochromatin impacts genome function at multiple scales. It enables heritable gene repression, maintains chromosome integrity and provides mechanical rigidity to the nucleus1,2. It has been proposed that these diverse functions arise in part from compaction of the underlying chromatin. A major type of heterochromatin contains at its core the complex formed between HP1 proteins and chromatin that is methylated on histone H3, lysine 9 (H3K9me). HP1 is proposed to use oligomerization to compact chromatin into phase-separated condensates3–6. Yet how HP1-mediated phase separation relates to chromatin compaction remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that chromatin compaction by the S. pombe HP1 protein, Swi6, results in phase-separated liquid condensates. Remarkably, we further find that Swi6 substantially increases the accessibility and dynamics of buried histone residues within a nucleosome. Restraining these dynamics impairs chromatin compaction by Swi6 into liquid droplets. Our results indicate that Swi6 couples oligomerization to the phase separation of chromatin by a counter-intuitive mechanism, namely dynamic exposure of buried nucleosomal regions. We propose that such reshaping of the octamer core by Swi6 increases opportunities for multivalent interactions between nucleosomes, thereby promoting phase separation. This mechanism may more generally drive chromatin organization beyond heterochromatin.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1669-2
Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1669-2