科學家揭示染色質相分離機制
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/9/20 15:39:58
美國德克薩斯大學西南醫學中心Michael K. Rosen組的一項最新研究,發現染色質通過固有的、調節的相分離而進行組織。該研究2019年9月19日在線發表在《細胞》上。
研究人員證明重組染色質在生理鹽中經歷組蛋白尾部驅動的液-液相分離(LLPS),並且當顯微注射到細胞核中時,產生緻密且動態的液滴。在真核生物中共享的連接組蛋白H1和核小體內連接長度促進染色質的相分離,調節液滴性質,並且以與細胞中的染色質行為平行的方式協調形成具有一緻密度的縮合物。p300的組蛋白乙醯化拮抗染色質相分離、體外溶解液滴並減少細胞核中的液滴形成。在存在多溴結構域蛋白(例如BRD4)的情況下,高度乙醯化的染色質形成具有不同物理性質液滴的新相分離狀態,其可與未修飾的染色質液滴不混溶,模擬核染色質亞結構域。這些數據提出了一個基於染色質聚合物固有相分離的框架,可用於理解真核基因組的組織和調控。
據了解,真核生物的染色質高度濃縮,但可動態調節並組織成亞結構域。
附:英文原文
Title: Organization of Chromatin by Intrinsic and Regulated Phase Separation
Author: Bryan A. Gibson, Lynda K. Doolittle, Maximillian W.G. Schneider, Liv E. Jensen, Nathan Gamarra, Lisa Henry, Daniel W. Gerlich, Sy Redding, Michael K. Rosen
Issue&Volume: 19 September 2019
Abstract: Eukaryotic chromatin is highly condensed but dynamically accessible to regulation and organized into subdomains. We demonstrate that reconstituted chromatin undergoes histone tail-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in physiologic salt and when microinjected into cell nuclei, producing dense and dynamic droplets. Linker histone H1 and internucleosome linker lengths shared across eukaryotes promote phase separation of chromatin, tune droplet properties, and coordinate to form condensates of consistent density in manners that parallel chromatin behavior in cells. Histone acetylation by p300 antagonizes chromatin phase separation, dissolving droplets in vitro and decreasing droplet formation in nuclei. In the presence of multi-bromodomain proteins, such as BRD4, highly acetylated chromatin forms a new phase-separated state with droplets of distinct physical properties, which can be immiscible with unmodified chromatin droplets, mimicking nuclear chromatin subdomains. Our data suggest a framework, based on intrinsic phase separation of the chromatin polymer, for understanding the organization and regulation of eukaryotic genomes.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.037
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30956-0
Cell:《細胞》,創刊於1974年。隸屬於細胞出版社,最新IF:36.216