2015年1月16日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --本文亮點:
脂肪酸合成酶介導的脂肪生成能保持中性粒細胞的活力
粒細胞生成過程需要脂肪酸合成酶,但是脂肪酸合成酶卻不主動影響粒細胞分化
脂肪酸合成酶調控乙醚脂肪合成並維持中性粒細胞細胞膜的構成
抑制乙醚脂肪合成能恢復由脂肪酸合成酶缺失引起的中性粒細胞減少症
在代謝紊亂和癌症的病理狀況下脂肪酸合成酶(FAS,fatty acid synthase)的功能會受到改變。傳統的脂肪酸合成酶缺失的小鼠往往胎死腹中,故而到目前為止全身性抑制脂肪生成會對機體造成怎樣的影響都是未知。
然而可誘導的全身脂肪合成酶敲除技術(iFASKO,inducible global knockout of FAS)對於小鼠來說也是致死性的,因為腸道屏障會被破壞,而且伴發白細胞減少症。最終研究人員將iFASKO小鼠的骨髓移植到野生型小鼠中,隨後再通過Cre重組技術造成中性粒細胞特異性敲除脂肪酸合成酶的表型,而這種表型能夠一直存活以供實驗所需。
通過研究發現,脂肪生成活動受損會增加中性粒細胞細胞內的內質網壓力和凋亡。而這一現象產生的原因是脂肪酸合成酶的缺失選擇性的減少了過氧化物酶體向細胞提供以構成細胞膜組分的含有醚鍵的磷脂類分子。之後通過可誘導的全身性敲除技術造成過氧化物酶體中負責醚鍵合成的酶PexRAP缺失,這樣做也能引起中性粒細胞減少症。此外在類中性粒細胞系HL-60上敲低脂肪酸合成酶表達造成的細胞死亡能部分被醚脂類分子挽救。
由此研究人員認為他們的研究首次發現了醚脂類合成能夠選擇性控制中性粒細胞的發育,揭示了一個全新的免疫代謝調控方式!(生物谷Bioon.com)
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Cell Metabolism DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.002
Sustaining Neutrophil Membrane Phospholipid Composition and Viability
Irfan J. Lodhi, Xiaochao Wei, Li Yin, Chu Feng, Sangeeta Adak, Grazia Abou-Ezzi, Fong-Fu Hsu, Daniel C. Link, Clay F. Semenkovich
Highlights
" oFatty acid synthase (FAS)-mediated lipogenesis maintains neutrophil viability
" oFAS is required for granulopoiesis without affecting granulocytic differentiation
" oFAS regulates ether lipid synthesis to maintain neutrophil membrane composition
" oInhibition of ether lipid synthesis recapitulates effects of FAS loss on neutropenia
Summary
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is altered in metabolic disorders and cancer. Conventional FAS null mice die in utero, so effects of whole-body inhibition of lipogenesis following development are unknown. Inducible global knockout of FAS (iFASKO) in mice was lethal due to a disrupted intestinal barrier and leukopenia. Conditional loss of FAS was associated with the selective suppression of granulopoiesis without disrupting granulocytic differentiation. Transplantation of iFASKO bone marrow into wild-type mice followed by Cre induction resulted in selective neutrophil depletion, but not death. Impaired lipogenesis increased ER stress and apoptosis in neutrophils by preferentially decreasing peroxisome-derived membrane phospholipids containing ether bonds. Inducible global knockout of PexRAP, a peroxisomal enzyme required for ether lipid synthesis, also produced neutropenia. FAS knockdown in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells caused cell loss that was partially rescued by ether lipids. Inhibiting ether lipid synthesis selectively constrains neutrophil development, revealing an unrecognized pathway in immunometabolism.