2016年5月6日訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --眾所周知抗生素是對抗細菌感染的強力武器,但是最近一項研究發現抗生素還可能導致機體易受到感染,發生腹瀉。
具體來說,腸道內的"好"細菌如何保護機體免受病原體如沙門氏菌的感染以及抗生素治療如何促進致病菌生長至今沒有得到完全了解。
來自美國加州大學戴維斯分校的研究人員以小鼠為模型,發現了抗生素治療後腸道中發生的一系列變化,這些變化致使致病菌的勢頭得到進一步擴大。
這項發現有非常重要的提示意義,擴展了目前對腸道微生物如何發生相互作用的認識,同時表明有必要尋找預防抗生素治療副作用的新對策。相關研究結果發表在國際學術期刊Cell Host &Microbe上。
據文章作者所說,整個過程開始於抗生素殺死了腸道中的"好"細菌,其中包括分解植物纖維產生丁酸的細菌,丁酸是腸道中一種重要的有機酸,能夠作為腸壁細胞的能量來源幫助吸收水分。代謝植物纖維的能力下降降低了腸壁細胞對氧氣的消耗,導致腸道中氧氣濃度增加,促進了沙門氏菌的生長。
腸道中許多有益菌都生活在厭氧環境,有的需要完全隔絕氧氣,而抗生素治療後,腸道內形成富含氧氣的微環境,導致沙門氏菌等病原菌在有氧環境中生長迅速。換句話說,抗生素為腸道中的病原菌提供了"呼吸"的氧氣。
其他研究也發現產生丁酸的微生物含量低與炎性腸病有關,但是仍然需要更多研究探究這些發現是否僅限於丁酸以及沙門氏菌的生長,同時還需要進一步確定人類腸道中是否也存在類似的機制來影響人類腸道健康。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Depletion of Butyrate-Producing Clostridia from the Gut Microbiota Drives an Aerobic Luminal Expansion of Salmonella
Fabian Rivera-Chávez1, Lillian F. Zhang1, Franziska Faber1, Christopher A. Lopez1, Mariana X. Byndloss1, Erin E. Olsan1, Gege Xu2, Eric M. Velazquez1, Carlito B. Lebrilla2, Sebastian E. Winter3, Andreas J. B?umler1,
The mammalian intestine is host to a microbial community that prevents pathogen expansion through unknown mechanisms, while antibiotic treatment can increase susceptibility to enteric pathogens. Here we show that streptomycin treatment depleted commensal, butyrate-producing Clostridia from the mouse intestinal lumen, leading to decreased butyrate levels, increased epithelial oxygenation, and aerobic expansion ofSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Epithelial hypoxia and Salmonella restriction could be restored by tributyrin treatment. Clostridia depletion and aerobic Salmonellaexpansion were also observed in the absence of streptomycin treatment in genetically resistant mice but proceeded with slower kinetics and required the presence of functionalSalmonella type III secretion systems. The Salmonella cytochrome bd-II oxidase synergized with nitrate reductases to drive luminal expansion, and both were required for fecal-oral transmission. We conclude that Salmonella virulence factors and antibiotic treatment promote pathogen expansion through the same mechanism: depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia to elevate epithelial oxygenation, allowing aerobicSalmonella growth.