星形膠質細胞調節海馬-皮質交流來促進遠程記憶形成
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/8/4 14:47:57
以色列希伯來大學Inbal Goshen課題組發現，星形膠質細胞在學習過程中通過調節海馬-皮質交流來促進遠程記憶形成。2020年8月3日，《自然—神經科學》雜誌在線發表了這項成果。
研究人員在CA1星形膠質細胞中表達了Gi偶聯的設計受體hM4Di，從而發現在學習過程中的星形細胞操縱會專門損害長期（而非近期）記憶回溯，並且在檢索過程中會降低前扣帶回皮質（ACC）的活性。研究人員發現在記憶獲得期間大量募集了投射ACC的CA1神經元，並伴隨著ACC神經元的激活。
在體內，星形膠質細胞的Gi激活破壞了CA3與CA1的通訊並降低了ACC中的下遊反應。在活動小鼠中，它在學習過程中誘導了CA1到ACC神經元的投射特異性抑制，因此阻止了ACC募集。
最後，直接抑制從CA1到ACC的投射神經元可以避免最近和受損的遠程記憶。這些發現表明，遠程記憶獲取涉及星形膠質細胞在調節CA1-ACC神經元溝通中的投射特定功能。
據了解，遠程記憶取決於海馬和額葉皮層的協調活動，但這些相互作用的時間線尚有爭議。星形膠質細胞感知並改變神經元的活動，但很少探討其在遠程記憶中的作用。
附：英文原文
Title: Astrocytes contribute to remote memory formation by modulating hippocampal–cortical communication during learning
Author: Adi Kol, Adar Adamsky, Maya Groysman, Tirzah Kreisel, Michael London, Inbal Goshen
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-03
Abstract: Remote memories depend on coordinated activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortices, but the timeline of these interactions is debated. Astrocytes sense and modify neuronal activity, but their role in remote memory is scarcely explored. We expressed the Gi-coupled designer receptor hM4Di in CA1 astrocytes and discovered that astrocytic manipulation during learning specifically impaired remote, but not recent, memory recall and decreased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during retrieval. We revealed massive recruitment of ACC-projecting CA1 neurons during memory acquisition, which was accompanied by the activation of ACC neurons. Astrocytic Gi activation disrupted CA3 to CA1 communication in vivo and reduced the downstream response in the ACC. In behaving mice, it induced a projection-specific inhibition of CA1-to-ACC neurons during learning, which consequently prevented ACC recruitment. Finally, direct inhibition of CA1-to-ACC-projecting neurons spared recent and impaired remote memory. Our findings suggest that remote memory acquisition involves projection-specific functions of astrocytes in regulating CA1-to-ACC neuronal communication. Kol et al. show that the foundation of remote memory is formed during acquisition by the massive recruitment of ACC-projecting CA1 neurons. Remote memory acquisition involves projection-specific effects of astrocytes on CA1-to-ACC neuronal communication.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0679-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0679-6