星形膠質細胞中的GLP-1受體信號調節脂肪酸氧化、線粒體完整性和功能
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/5/20 23:39:42
近日,德國科隆大學Jens C. Brüning團隊發現,星形膠質細胞中的GLP-1受體信號調節脂肪酸氧化、線粒體完整性和功能。這一研究成果於2020年5月19日在線發表在《細胞—代謝》上。
研究人員表明,胰高血糖素樣肽(GLP)-1在培養的星形膠質細胞中抑制葡萄糖攝取並促進β-氧化。相反,表達神經膠質纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)的星形膠質細胞中的GLP-1受體(GLP-1R)缺失會損害星形膠質細胞的線粒體完整性,並激活應激反應、增強成纖維細胞生長因子(FGF)21的產生,以及增加腦葡萄糖的攝取。
因此,在星形膠質細胞中缺乏GLP-1R表達的小鼠中,FGF21的中和或星形膠質細胞特異性FGF21敲除消除了葡萄糖耐受和學習的改善。
總的來說,這些實驗揭示了星形膠質細胞GLP-1R信號傳導在維持線粒體完整性中的作用,而缺乏GLP-1R信號傳導則導致了適應性應激反應,進而改善了系統性葡萄糖穩態和記憶形成。
據了解,星形膠質細胞是大腦葡萄糖代謝和神經元功能的中央調節器。最近研究表明,它們通過響應能量狀態感應激素瘦素和胰島素來適應營養狀態的變化,從而適應其功能。
附:英文原文
Title: GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Astrocytes Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Function
Author: Katharina Timper, Almudena del Río-Martín, Anna Lena Cremer, Stephan Bremser, Jens Alber, Patrick Giavalisco, Luis Varela, Christian Heilinger, Hendrik Nolte, Aleksandra Trifunovic, Tamas L. Horvath, Peter Kloppenburg, Heiko Backes, Jens C. Brüning
Issue&Volume: 2020-05-19
Abstract: Astrocytes represent central regulators of brain glucose metabolism and neuronal function. They have recently been shown to adapt their function in response to alterations in nutritional state through responding to the energy state-sensing hormones leptin and insulin. Here, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 inhibits glucose uptake and promotes β-oxidation in cultured astrocytes. Conversely, postnatal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) deletion in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes impairs astrocyte mitochondrial integrity and activates an integrated stress response with enhanced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 production and increased brain glucose uptake. Accordingly, central neutralization of FGF21 or astrocyte-specific FGF21 inactivation abrogates the improvements in glucose tolerance and learning in mice lacking GLP-1R expression in astrocytes. Collectively, these experiments reveal a role for astrocyte GLP-1R signaling in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, and lack of GLP-1R signaling mounts an adaptive stress response resulting in an improvement of systemic glucose homeostasis and memory formation.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.001
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30240-0