Unit 10 Mars on EarthNarrator: On the remote island of Devon in the Canadian Arctic, a group of NASA explorers have come to learn how to live and work on Mars. Part of the work here will be to field test equipment that they hope will eventually be used on exploration trips to the distant planet.旁白：在加拿大北極德文郡偏遠的島嶼上，一組NASA探險者們來學習如何生活和工作在火星上。這部分工作將在現場測試設備，他們希望最終將被用於探索前往遙遠的星球。Mars, sometimes known as the Red Planet, is a harsh place. The surface is freezing and the terrain rugged. At night, surface temperatures can drop to -73 degrees Celsius and below, and the atmosphere is poisonous to breathe. Add to that radiation and dust storms, and it becomes clear that surviving there would be an impressive feat. That’s what keeps researchers coming back to Devon each year. Its rocky, treeless landscape is a kind of 「Mars on Earth」.火星，有時被稱為紅色星球，是一個嚴酷的地方。表面結冰，地形崎嶇。晚上，表面溫度可以下降到攝氏73度以下，而大氣是有毒的呼吸。添加到輻射和沙塵暴，它變得清晰，生存將有一個令人印象深刻的壯舉。這使研究人員回來每年德文。它的巖石，沒有樹木的景觀是一種「地球上的火星」。Thirty-nine million years ago, Devon Island was hit by a large meteorite that created a 20-kilometer-wide crater. Today it’s called the Haughton Crater and it almost exactly resembles the thousands of craters that cover the landscape of Mars. While it’s safer and more easily reached than Mars, Devon comes with its own dangers: unpredictable weather, high winds, and a predator that thinks humans might be lunch. Despite the risks, project director and scientist Pascal Lee feels training here is what’s best for the team’s mission.三零九百萬年前，德文島遭到大量隕石，創造了一個20公裡寬的隕石坑。今天，它被稱為霍頓坑和它幾乎完全相似的隕石坑覆蓋火星的數千。雖然它比火星更安全和更容易達到，德文帶有自己的危險：不可預測的天氣，大風，和食肉動物，認為人類可能的午餐。儘管存在風險，項目總監和科學家Pascal李認為這裡訓練是為團隊的任務是最好的。Pascal Lee, Project Director: 「Copy loud and clear. By being faced with all the operational realities of having to explore a place for real, you are precisely building this experience to really plan an expedition where all of these elements cannot be left to chance. You have to plan it well.」帕斯卡李，項目總監：「複製響亮和明確的。當面對現實中的所有的實際操作的現實，你正建造這一體驗，真正地計劃一次探險，所有這些元素都不可能被留下來機會。你必須好好計劃。」Narrator: When Lee heard about Devon Island, he was convinced that this was the ideal place to train. When people think of Mars, they usually think of astronauts in space suits. Here on Devon Island, Lee and his team are, in fact, field testing the NASA Mars Concept Suit to see how it withstands harsh conditions. The suit is big, bulky, and, according to people who』ve tried it, uncomfortable and confining. Addy Overbeeke and Stanley Kusmider are the suit engineers.旁白：當李先生聽到德文島，他確信這是訓練的理想場所。當人們想到火星時，他們通常會想到太空人在太空服。在德文島，李和他的團隊，事實上，現場測試，美國宇航局火星概念適合看它如何承受苛刻的條件。這套衣服是大的，大的，而且，根據那些試過，不舒服和限制的人。阿迪和斯坦利是overbeeke kusmider服工程師。Stanley Kusmider, Space Suit Engineer: 「You’re at the bar and you’re talking to someone, and they ask you, 『Oh, what do you do?』 『I work on space suits.』 They say, 『Oh ho ho! That’s funny! Funny guy! 』」斯坦利kusmider，太空服的工程師：「你在酒吧和你談話的人，他們問你，「哦，你是做什麼的？「我在太空服上工作，」他們說，「噢，何！這很有趣！有趣的人！「」Narrator: Depending on the perspective, designing a Mars suit is either a great engineering challenge or a mechanical nightmare. Mars is incredibly dusty and the suit’s outer surface will constantly be coated with a film of Mars』 dust. And because Mars is so far away, explorers will need to spend at least a year using the same suits day after day. They need to be extremely strong, reliable, and easily repaired in order to survive for the entire duration of the trip.從不同的角度來看，設計一個火星的西裝是一個偉大的工程挑戰或一個機械的噩夢。火星是令人難以置信的塵埃，而這套衣服的外表面會不斷地被一層火星的灰塵覆蓋。因為火星是如此遙遠，探險家們需要花費至少一年的時間，使用相同的西裝後一天。他們需要非常強大，可靠，易於維修，以生存的整個持續時間的行程。Overbeeke has spent his career working on space suits. He loves the challenge of making one work for use on Mars.overbeeke已經度過了他職業生涯的工作空間，適合。他喜歡在火星上製作一個工作的挑戰。Addy Overbeeke, Space Suit Engineer: 「You have to think about what they’re really going to be operating in, and thinking that 『Hey, this isn’t it. We have to make the systems more robust, we have to make the systems more user-friendly for them to operate in a system that’s even more severe than this.』」阿迪overbeeke，太空服的工程師：「你必須想想他們真的要經營，並認為「嘿，這是不是。我們必須使系統更加強大，我們必須使系統更方便用戶作業系統中，甚至更嚴重的比這。Narrator: Mars and Earth share many similarities; they both have about the same amount of dry land and they both have roughly a 24-hour day, which means that plants can conceivably be grown there. Therefore, Canadian scientist Alain Berinstein is attempting to grow plants in the Marslike conditions of Devon.旁白：火星和地球有許多相似之處；他們都有關於陸地一樣都有大約一天24小時不間斷的，這意味著植物可以生長在那裡。因此，加拿大科學家阿蘭berinstein試圖在德文marslike條件下生長的植物。Alain Berinstein, Scientist: 「Outside the greenhouse you can see that there is a hybrid wind and solar power generation system that charges a bank of batteries, and now we do have our own independent power system in place. And so now we are running in a totally autonomous mode with our own power and communications system which will allow us to operate twenty-four hours a day, twelve months a year.」阿蘭berinstein，科學家：「溫室中你可以看到有一個風能和太陽能發電系統的費用，一組電池外，現在我們有我們自己的獨立電源系統。所以現在我們正處於一個完全自主的模式中，我們擁有自己的力量和通信系統，這將允許我們每天二十四個小時工作十二個月。」Narrator: The greenhouse can operate on self-generated electrical output even through the long, dark winter when nobody is living on Devon Island.旁白：溫室可以在自身產生的電輸出甚至在漫長黑暗的冬天，當沒有人是生活在德文島。Mars’s atmosphere may be thin and poisonous to humans; however it’s not too thin in which to fly. So, researchers have proposed using robotic planes as substitute explorers. This UAV, or unmanned aerial vehicle, is an advanced scout, designed to search for and photograph areas of interest. But a pilot doesn’t fly this plane. It thinks for itself. Project contractor Greg Pisinich calls the device 「The Flying Graduate Student on Mars.」火星的大氣對人類來說可能是稀薄和有毒的，但它並不是太薄，在它的飛行。因此，研究人員已經提出使用機器人飛機作為替代探險家。這架無人機，或無人機，是一個高級偵察機，旨在尋找和拍攝感興趣的領域。但飛行員不飛這架飛機。它認為自己。工程承包商格雷戈pisinich電話設備「飛生在火星上。」Greg Pisinich, Contractor: 「You want something that has enough intelligence to make decisions, to look for the right science, to follow a hypothesis.」格雷戈pisinich，承包人：「你想要的東西，有了足夠的情報來做決策，尋找正確的科學的，遵循一個假說。」Narrator: The images the plane captures reveal an alien-looking landscape. It’s a great tool for explorers right here on Devon Island. The NASA-Haughton team often needs mapping assistance in order to reach remote areas of the crater. It’s also a step toward developing possible tools for future Mars explorers once they reach Mars.旁白：這架飛機拍攝的圖像顯示了一個陌生的風景。這是一個偉大的探險家工具就在德文島。NASA的霍頓團隊經常需要為映射援助到達火山口的偏遠地區。這也是向開發未來火星探測工具的一步，一旦他們到達火星。Narrator: British scientist Charlie Cockell and expedition leader Pascal Lee need to collect some samples on the shore of the island. That’s where the 『Martian Rover』 comes in; it’s the only way to get there. Lee, who aims to be the first person to land on Mars, wants to push the limits of the Martian Rover. For this expedition, they are combining the technology of the Martian Rover with that of the 「Thinking Mars Airplane.」旁白：英國科學家查利科克爾，探險隊隊長帕斯卡李需要收集在島的岸邊一些樣品。這就是「火星車」的來源，這是唯一的辦法。李，誰的目標是在火星上的第一人，要推的限制，火星車。在這次探險中，他們將與火星車的技術相結合，與「思考火星飛機」。Lee: 「So we』ll head out from camp, go past the front of Marine peak . . .」李：「所以我們會從營地裡出來，走到前面的海洋高峰。「..」Narrator: NASA’s Bill Clancey has come to learn how Lee and Cockell translate air photos into useful information to find the best route on the ground.旁白：NASA的比爾Clancey已經學會李和科克爾翻譯航空照片轉換成有用的信息來在地上找到最佳路線。Bill Clancey, NASA: 「It looks like a piece of paper that has gotten wet and it’s been crumpled up, and it’s just full of wrinkles. And Pascal looks at this and sees valleys, these valley networks, and he sees canyons, and he understands cliffs and gullies here. It’s remarkable.」比爾Clancey，NASA：「它看起來像一張紙，溼了，它已經垮了，只是滿臉皺紋。和Pascal看看到的山谷，這些山谷網絡，他看到峽谷，他了解這裡的懸崖和溝。真是太了不起了。」Narrator: Pascal and Charlie seem to be easily finding the route using the photos.旁白：Pascal和查利似乎是很容易找到的路徑使用的照片。Cockell: 「Start here. That’s where we want to go. We want to find a route down to the right there, and just go around . . . Are we there yet? I want ice cream.」科克爾：「從這裡開始。這就是我們要去的地方。我們想找到一條路線到正確的道路上，而只是四處走。..我們還有嗎？我要冰淇淋。」Expedition Member: 「Just ten more minutes.」Narrator: The two men are making good progress toward the coastline and the Rover is doing well. They』ve now traveled further south than any other Devon Island team. Never has the island’s terrain looked so much like Mars, red hills and valleys as far as the eye can see. The team continues to make great progress, but then Steve Braham, a fellow researcher back at the camp, calls. A huge storm is moving in, he tells them, and the team lies in its path. Steve gives them an order: come home now.旁白：這2個男人正在向海岸線的方向發展，而月球車正在做的很好。現在他們已經前往更遠的南部比其他任何德文島隊。從來沒有這個島的地形看起來像火星，紅色的山丘和山谷的眼睛可以看到。球隊繼續讓傑出的進展，但隨後史提夫布拉漢姆，一個研究員在返回營地，電話。一個巨大的風暴正在移動中，他告訴他們，團隊在於它的路徑。史提夫給了他們一個命令：現在回家。Even though they didn’t make it to the coast, the expedition was a success. The men tested key systems: air photos, long-range radios, advanced scouting techniques, and the rover itself. In this harsh and remote location, being able to return to the starting point with everyone and everything safe makes the trip a success. The field testing on Devon Island proved valuable and effective, but when will they be able to build systems that can withstand the far harsher condition on Mars?即使他們沒有把它的海岸，遠徵是一個成功。男人測試的關鍵系統：空中照片，遠程無線電，先進的偵察技術，和月球車本身。在這個嚴酷的和偏遠的位置，能夠回到起點與每個人和一切安全的旅行一個成功。在德文島的現場測試證明了寶貴的和有效的，但當他們能建立系統，可以抵禦火星上比較苛刻的條件？Overbeeke: 「We know that it’s man’s destiny to go out and do space exploration. It’s always time to think about what you want to do in the future.」overbeeke：「我們知道，去做太空探索是人類的命運。你總是有時間去想你將來想做什麼。」Narrator: These scientists are preparing for their futures right here, using their own version of 「Mars on Earth.」旁白：這些科學家正在為他們的未來做準備，在這裡使用他們自己的「火星在地球」。
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信掃一掃讚賞作者 Reward
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