If the plan doesn't work,
change the plan but never the goal.
– Henry Ford, Industrialist
如果計劃不可行，改變計劃，
但不可以改變目標。
– 亨利‧福特(工業家)
亨利‧福特(1863-1947) 是美國工業家、福特汽車創辦人，運用大量生產概念在工廠的生產組裝線上，大幅降低生產成本及產品價格，革命性的改變美國的交通及工業。
摧毀衝向地球的小行星，
比想像中更難！
英語：
This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
In the movie Armageddon, an asteroid the size of Texas is hurtling towards Earth. All seems lost, but then Bruce Willis sacrifices his own life to detonate a thermonuclear bomb on the asteroid. And then you hear this from mission control: "The two halves are gonna miss us by 400 miles, and most of the small particles have been vaporized!"
Breaking a rock that big into two halves, that somehow miraculously dodge the Earth? A bit of Hollywood magic. But scientists are studying what would really happen in such a scenario.
"A big part of what we do is basically looking at how things break. Smashing things together and what happens after that." Charles El Mir is a mechanical engineer who studies planetary science at Johns Hopkins University.
He and his colleagues modeled what might happen if you smashed up a 15-mile-wide asteroid, made of basalt. They started by assuming the asteroid has some tiny cracks already running through it, based on studies of real rock. Then, they struck the hypothetical space rock with another, smaller rock—just a mile wide—hurtling towards the asteroid at more than 11,000 miles per hour. When it hit, they tracked how stress waves propagated through the asteroid, and expanded the network of cracks.
Previous impact models predicted that an impact like that would completely pulverize the asteroid, basically turning it to sand. But not this new model. "What we're seeing, after the impact you have this big chunk of rock that was still held together, still not completely broken down, and this piece of rock creates its own gravitational field which attracts the particles that were ejected from it, and they start re-accumulating over it."
The scientists describe the model in the journal Icarus.
The work suggests asteroids might actually be harder to smash than we thought, meaning: "We might need to have a faster impactor, larger mass of impactor coming in, to be able to deflect it efficiently."
In 2022 NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test mission, or DART, will attempt to put all this knowledge to the test, by shoving a near-Earth asteroid off its path. No Bruce Willis required.
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
雙語：
This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
這裡是科學美國人——60秒科學系列，我是克里斯多福·因塔格裡塔。
In the movie Armageddon, an asteroid the size of Texas is hurtling towards Earth. All seems lost, but then Bruce Willis sacrifices his own life to detonate a thermonuclear bomb on the asteroid. And then you hear this from mission control: "The two halves are gonna miss us by 400 miles, and most of the small particles have been vaporized!"
在電影《世界末日》中，一顆德克薩斯州大小的行星正在衝向地球。似乎一切都會毀滅，但隨後布魯斯·威利斯犧牲了自已的生命，在小行星上引爆了一枚熱核炸彈。之後大家聽到了來自任務控制中心的聲音：「兩半巨石將在距地400英裡處錯過我們，大部分小顆粒已經汽化！」
Breaking a rock that big into two halves, that somehow miraculously dodge the Earth? A bit of Hollywood magic. But scientists are studying what would really happen in such a scenario.
將一塊這麼大的石頭炸成兩半，並使其奇蹟般地躲過地球？這有點像是好萊塢的魔法。但科學家正在研究在這種情況下會發生什麼。
"A big part of what we do is basically looking at how things break. Smashing things together and what happens after that." Charles El Mir is a mechanical engineer who studies planetary science at Johns Hopkins University.
「我們所做的大部分工作，基本上就是觀察物體如何破裂。讓物體相互撞擊，看看之後會發生什麼。」約翰·霍普金斯大學研究行星科學的機械工程師查爾斯·埃爾米爾說到。
He and his colleagues modeled what might happen if you smashed up a 15-mile-wide asteroid, made of basalt. They started by assuming the asteroid has some tiny cracks already running through it, based on studies of real rock. Then, they struck the hypothetical space rock with another, smaller rock—just a mile wide—hurtling towards the asteroid at more than 11,000 miles per hour. When it hit, they tracked how stress waves propagated through the asteroid, and expanded the network of cracks.
他和同事模擬了撞毀一顆15英裡寬的玄武巖小行星的情況。依據對真實巖石進行的研究，他們首先假設這顆小行星已經出現一些微小的裂縫。然後，他們用另一塊只有1英裡寬的較小巖石撞擊假設的太空巖石，使其以超過每小時11000英裡的速度衝向小行星。在撞擊發生時，他們追蹤了應力波如何在穿過小行星時傳播並擴大裂縫網絡。
Previous impact models predicted that an impact like that would completely pulverize the asteroid, basically turning it to sand. But not this new model. "What we're seeing, after the impact you have this big chunk of rock that was still held together, still not completely broken down, and this piece of rock creates its own gravitational field which attracts the particles that were ejected from it, and they start re-accumulating over it."
此前的撞擊模型預測，這種撞擊會徹底粉碎小行星，基本上會使其變成沙子。但新模型的結果則不然。「我們看到的是，撞擊之後仍然有未完全破碎的大塊巖石連在一起，這塊巖石會產生自已的引力場，吸引從巖石中噴射而出的粒子，然後開始重新聚集。」
The scientists describe the model in the journal Icarus.
科學家在《伊卡洛斯》期刊上描述了這一模型。
The work suggests asteroids might actually be harder to smash than we thought, meaning: "We might need to have a faster impactor, larger mass of impactor coming in, to be able to deflect it efficiently."
這項研究表明，實際上小行星可能比我們想像的更難撞碎，這意味著：「我們可能需要速度更快、質量更大的撞擊物，才能有效地使小行星偏轉。」
In 2022 NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test mission, or DART, will attempt to put all this knowledge to the test, by shoving a near-Earth asteroid off its path. No Bruce Willis required.
美國國家航空航天局（簡稱NASA）計劃在2022年進行雙小行星重定向測試（簡稱DART），試圖通過將近地小行星推離軌道來測試所有這些知識。而這並不需要布魯斯·威利斯。
Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
謝謝大家收聽科學美國人——60秒科學。我是克里斯多福·因塔利亞塔。
你是INFP調停者型人格嗎，
他們是什麼樣的人？
更多視頻，恭請蒞臨↓↓↓
這些眼熟的英語單詞別有含義
某部影視劇爆紅之後，社交媒體上經常會出現很多CP粉（某組假想情侶的fans），號稱「我站得CP全世界最配」。那麼問題來了：「我站某對兒CP」英文怎麼說？答案就在本文中。
1. Word
原意：單詞，話語
作為俚語：Word = I agree。
例句：
- You do not have to agree on politics.
你們沒必要在政治觀點上保持一致。
- Word!
說得對！
2. Ship
原意：船
作為俚語：俚語的ship常被人用作支持某對影視劇裡的CP（couple <情侶檔> 的縮寫）。
例句:
I ship Ron/Hermione.
我站羅恩/赫敏這對兒。
3. Dead/Died
原意：死亡
作為俚語：Dead/Died在俚語裡就是比較幽默的用法了。如果某件事情對你來說「太過了」(衝擊力太強，激動得失血過量)，你就可以用上這個詞。
例句：
I just saw Chris Evens's new photo, I died.
我剛剛看到克裡斯·埃文斯的新照了，好激動。
4. Cool
原意：涼爽；酷
作為俚語：類似於「OK」，「好、沒問題」的意思。
例句：
Don't worry, I'm cool.
別擔心，我沒事兒。
5. Swag
原意：花飾、花束、花環；偷來的東西，贓物
作為俚語：誇別人handsome、good-looking已經過時了。誇小鮮肉有一種新潮酷炫性感的style，就用上swag吧。
例句：
I've got more swag than you do.
我比你更酷。（這種用法的swag是名詞）
6. Bae
作為俚語：這個詞由baby/babe簡化而來，是對男票/女票的愛稱，相當於「寶貝兒」啦，「甜心」啦，「親愛的」啦（注意語氣充滿愛意、深情款款）。
例句：
I can't wait to see you, Bae.
寶貝兒，我真是等不及見你了。
7. Thirsty
原義：口渴
作為俚語：Thirsty的用法就廣了，用於形容你對某樣東西真的是孤注一擲的想要！想要！真的很想要！
例句：
I'm really thirsty for that new iPhone.
人家真的很想要新款iPhone，想要得要SHI了。
8. Low key
作為俚語：這個短語和key真的沒有半毛錢關係。作為一種約定俗成的表達，low key表示「低調的，不張揚的」。
例句：
The wedding was a low-key affair, with fewer than thirty people attending.
婚禮辦得很低調，參加者還不足30人。
9. Slay
原意：殺死（等同kill）
作為俚語：和「殺殺殺」毫不相關。如果你做的什麼事情很驚人、很了不起，你就可以用上slay。
例句：
Adele's 'Hello' slayed!
阿黛爾的《Hello》棒呆了！